NURS 206 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
what are the 2 defenses against infection - ANS-normal flora
immune response
what is involved in immune response? - ANS-innate immunity
adapt immunity
inflammatory response
type of immunity that is long term/ specific/ acquired - ANS-adaptive immunity
-Adaptive immunity is antigen specific and involves active, long-term Immulogic memory
what are the types of adaptive immunity? - ANS-humoral
cellular
immunologic memory
anti-body mediated
Defense system that involves white blood cells (B lymphocytes) that produce antibodies
in response to antigens or pathogens circulating in the lymph and blood - ANS-humoral
cell mediated
Involves defense by white blood cells against microorganisms that the body does not
recognize as its own
-B cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophages - ANS-cellular
what is the first life of defense against infection? - ANS-normal flora
what is the second line of defense against infection? - ANS-inflammatory response
what type of immunity is short term/ non specific - ANS-innate immunity
is a local response to cellular injury or infection that includes capillary dilation and
leukocyte infiltration
-produces redness, heat, pain, and swelling - ANS-inflammatory response
what other body systems help with defense against infection? - ANS-integumentary
respiratory
gastrointestinal
,What is the path for the chain of infection? - ANS-infectious agent
source/ reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
what are some different types of infectious agents? - ANS-bacteria
virus
parasite
fungus
what is infection? - ANS-the invasion of a host/ patient by a microorganism
what needs to happen in order for a microorganism to produce disease? - ANS-the
organism needs to multiply and alter normal tissue function
risk of infectious agent causing disease depends upon: - ANS--the number or
organisms
-virulence of organisms
-ability of organism to enter and survive in the host
-susceptibility of the host/ patient
susceptibility of the host depends upon: - ANS--age
-nutritional status
-presence of chronic disease
-trauma
-smoking
where the organism survives and multiples and is the holding area - ANS-source/
reservoir
examples of sources/ reservoirs - ANS--animal/ insect
-intimate object (hospital equipment or food/water?
-human being (can be symptomatic or asymptomatic- carry disease but no active sign of
disease)
what characteristics promote growth of an organism at the source? - ANS--food
(undigested)
-O2
-water (moist)
-temperature (cold prevents growth, so warm)
-pH (5.0-7.0)
-light (dark)
,after an organism grows and multiplies it needs a way to exit the reservoir and enter the
host, this is called... - ANS-the portal of exit
what are the different portals of exit? - ANS-respiratory tract
GI tract
GU tract
blood
skin/mucous surface
reproductive tratt
transplacental
how the organism transports from source to susceptible host - ANS-mode of
transmission
types of transmission - ANS-direct
-direct contact with organism
-sexual contact, airborne, enteric, droplet
indirect
-organism is transported another way
-vector. insect
contaminated equipment
-contaminated food. (food poisoning or water
-can be more than one Mode
where an organism enters through the same route as the portal of exit - ANS-PORTAL
OF ENTRY
GI tract
-foodborne illness
GU tract
-wiping back to front
respiratory tract
-droplets from a sneeze
mucous membrane
blood
-needles/ IV
non intact skin
-open wound
reproductive tract
-multiple sexual
, partners
transplancental
what is it called when a patient is not able to resist the bombardment of large numbers
of organisms - ANS-susceptible host
things that make people considered susceptible hosts... - ANS-infants and elderly
immonosuppressed
trauma
surgery
chronic disease
poor nutrition
smoking
multiple drug resistant organism
different medication can weaken immune systems
what it the ecology/ cause of multiple drug resistant organisms - ANS-inappropriate use
of antibiotics causes bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics that once worked
formerly referred to as nosocomial infections, are infections acquired while the patient is
receiving treatment in a health care facility
-Associated with the use of medical devices, complication, contagious transmission, and
the overuse of antibiotics - ANS-health-care associated infections
-microorganism developing resistance to medication
-A microorganism is considered resistant if replication cannot be stopped by 2 or more
antibiotics simultaneously or sequentially
-Contributing factors: overprescribing of antibiotics for nonbacterial infections,
incomplete course of antibiotics - ANS-resistant organisms
Can put patients and health care providers at risk
Ex. Hep B virus, Hep C virus, HIV
Exposure occurs through contact with contaminated blood or body fluid - ANS-blood
borne pathogens
signs and symptoms of an infection depend on... - ANS-the type and location of the
infection
-can be localized (one body part/ system) or systemic (bloodstream)
-different diversity considerations as well
what are the steps of the nursing process? - ANS-ASSESS
DIAGNOS
PLANNING
INTERVENTION
EVALUATION
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
what are the 2 defenses against infection - ANS-normal flora
immune response
what is involved in immune response? - ANS-innate immunity
adapt immunity
inflammatory response
type of immunity that is long term/ specific/ acquired - ANS-adaptive immunity
-Adaptive immunity is antigen specific and involves active, long-term Immulogic memory
what are the types of adaptive immunity? - ANS-humoral
cellular
immunologic memory
anti-body mediated
Defense system that involves white blood cells (B lymphocytes) that produce antibodies
in response to antigens or pathogens circulating in the lymph and blood - ANS-humoral
cell mediated
Involves defense by white blood cells against microorganisms that the body does not
recognize as its own
-B cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophages - ANS-cellular
what is the first life of defense against infection? - ANS-normal flora
what is the second line of defense against infection? - ANS-inflammatory response
what type of immunity is short term/ non specific - ANS-innate immunity
is a local response to cellular injury or infection that includes capillary dilation and
leukocyte infiltration
-produces redness, heat, pain, and swelling - ANS-inflammatory response
what other body systems help with defense against infection? - ANS-integumentary
respiratory
gastrointestinal
,What is the path for the chain of infection? - ANS-infectious agent
source/ reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
what are some different types of infectious agents? - ANS-bacteria
virus
parasite
fungus
what is infection? - ANS-the invasion of a host/ patient by a microorganism
what needs to happen in order for a microorganism to produce disease? - ANS-the
organism needs to multiply and alter normal tissue function
risk of infectious agent causing disease depends upon: - ANS--the number or
organisms
-virulence of organisms
-ability of organism to enter and survive in the host
-susceptibility of the host/ patient
susceptibility of the host depends upon: - ANS--age
-nutritional status
-presence of chronic disease
-trauma
-smoking
where the organism survives and multiples and is the holding area - ANS-source/
reservoir
examples of sources/ reservoirs - ANS--animal/ insect
-intimate object (hospital equipment or food/water?
-human being (can be symptomatic or asymptomatic- carry disease but no active sign of
disease)
what characteristics promote growth of an organism at the source? - ANS--food
(undigested)
-O2
-water (moist)
-temperature (cold prevents growth, so warm)
-pH (5.0-7.0)
-light (dark)
,after an organism grows and multiplies it needs a way to exit the reservoir and enter the
host, this is called... - ANS-the portal of exit
what are the different portals of exit? - ANS-respiratory tract
GI tract
GU tract
blood
skin/mucous surface
reproductive tratt
transplacental
how the organism transports from source to susceptible host - ANS-mode of
transmission
types of transmission - ANS-direct
-direct contact with organism
-sexual contact, airborne, enteric, droplet
indirect
-organism is transported another way
-vector. insect
contaminated equipment
-contaminated food. (food poisoning or water
-can be more than one Mode
where an organism enters through the same route as the portal of exit - ANS-PORTAL
OF ENTRY
GI tract
-foodborne illness
GU tract
-wiping back to front
respiratory tract
-droplets from a sneeze
mucous membrane
blood
-needles/ IV
non intact skin
-open wound
reproductive tract
-multiple sexual
, partners
transplancental
what is it called when a patient is not able to resist the bombardment of large numbers
of organisms - ANS-susceptible host
things that make people considered susceptible hosts... - ANS-infants and elderly
immonosuppressed
trauma
surgery
chronic disease
poor nutrition
smoking
multiple drug resistant organism
different medication can weaken immune systems
what it the ecology/ cause of multiple drug resistant organisms - ANS-inappropriate use
of antibiotics causes bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics that once worked
formerly referred to as nosocomial infections, are infections acquired while the patient is
receiving treatment in a health care facility
-Associated with the use of medical devices, complication, contagious transmission, and
the overuse of antibiotics - ANS-health-care associated infections
-microorganism developing resistance to medication
-A microorganism is considered resistant if replication cannot be stopped by 2 or more
antibiotics simultaneously or sequentially
-Contributing factors: overprescribing of antibiotics for nonbacterial infections,
incomplete course of antibiotics - ANS-resistant organisms
Can put patients and health care providers at risk
Ex. Hep B virus, Hep C virus, HIV
Exposure occurs through contact with contaminated blood or body fluid - ANS-blood
borne pathogens
signs and symptoms of an infection depend on... - ANS-the type and location of the
infection
-can be localized (one body part/ system) or systemic (bloodstream)
-different diversity considerations as well
what are the steps of the nursing process? - ANS-ASSESS
DIAGNOS
PLANNING
INTERVENTION
EVALUATION
