portage pathophysiology module 8 exam
25+ (Updated for 2026/2027) Exam Prep
Pack A+ Questions & Verified Answers
1. The primary function of the stomach includes:
A. Absorption of nutrients
B. Mechanical and chemical digestion
C. Water absorption
D. Vitamin absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stomach's primary functions are mechanical digestion (churning) and
chemical digestion (acid and pepsin production). Nutrient absorption primarily occurs in
the small intestine .
2. Which cell type in the stomach produces hydrochloric acid?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. G cells
D. Mucous cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Chief cells
produce pepsinogen, and G cells produce gastrin .
3. The function of the gallbladder is to:
A. Produce bile
B. Concentrate and store bile
C. Digest fats
D. Produce digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. The liver
produces bile, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes .
,4. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salivary amylase begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin
breaks down proteins in the stomach, and lipase breaks down fats .
5. The small intestine is divided into which three sections?
A. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
B. Cecum, colon, rectum
C. Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
D. Ascending, transverse, descending colon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The small intestine consists of the duodenum (first section), jejunum
(middle), and ileum (last section). The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, and
rectum .
6. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
A. Bile production
B. Nutrient storage
C. Insulin production
D. Detoxification
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver. Liver functions include bile
production, nutrient storage, and detoxification .
7. The hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion is:
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. Cholecystokinin
D. Somatostatin
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion. Secretin and cholecystokinin are
produced in the small intestine and inhibit gastric acid secretion .
8. The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption due to its large
surface area from villi and microvilli .
9. The function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to:
A. Allow food into the stomach
B. Prevent reflux of gastric contents
C. Stimulate acid production
D. Release digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents reflux of gastric contents into
the esophagus. Dysfunction leads to GERD .
10. Which of the following is a function of the pancreas?
A. Bile production
B. Digestive enzyme production
C. Nutrient absorption
D. Water absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, trypsin). Bile is
produced by the liver .
11. The large intestine absorbs:
A. Amino acids
B. Carbohydrates
25+ (Updated for 2026/2027) Exam Prep
Pack A+ Questions & Verified Answers
1. The primary function of the stomach includes:
A. Absorption of nutrients
B. Mechanical and chemical digestion
C. Water absorption
D. Vitamin absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stomach's primary functions are mechanical digestion (churning) and
chemical digestion (acid and pepsin production). Nutrient absorption primarily occurs in
the small intestine .
2. Which cell type in the stomach produces hydrochloric acid?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. G cells
D. Mucous cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Chief cells
produce pepsinogen, and G cells produce gastrin .
3. The function of the gallbladder is to:
A. Produce bile
B. Concentrate and store bile
C. Digest fats
D. Produce digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. The liver
produces bile, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes .
,4. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salivary amylase begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin
breaks down proteins in the stomach, and lipase breaks down fats .
5. The small intestine is divided into which three sections?
A. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
B. Cecum, colon, rectum
C. Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
D. Ascending, transverse, descending colon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The small intestine consists of the duodenum (first section), jejunum
(middle), and ileum (last section). The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, and
rectum .
6. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
A. Bile production
B. Nutrient storage
C. Insulin production
D. Detoxification
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver. Liver functions include bile
production, nutrient storage, and detoxification .
7. The hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion is:
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. Cholecystokinin
D. Somatostatin
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion. Secretin and cholecystokinin are
produced in the small intestine and inhibit gastric acid secretion .
8. The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption due to its large
surface area from villi and microvilli .
9. The function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to:
A. Allow food into the stomach
B. Prevent reflux of gastric contents
C. Stimulate acid production
D. Release digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents reflux of gastric contents into
the esophagus. Dysfunction leads to GERD .
10. Which of the following is a function of the pancreas?
A. Bile production
B. Digestive enzyme production
C. Nutrient absorption
D. Water absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, trypsin). Bile is
produced by the liver .
11. The large intestine absorbs:
A. Amino acids
B. Carbohydrates
