CLASSICS 2902 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET
A+
✔✔Problems with the sources when studying ancient medicine - ✔✔- only a fraction of
sources exists from ancient day (need to look be critical and may need to consider other
timelines)
- complication with Greek society (only elite member were literate)
- experiential medicine and oral tradition (many medical theories/procedures were
observed first hand, never written down, and was passed down orally)
- throughout time, sources like texts simply destroyed
- biases of scribes: copying/recording: things published based on interest
- general public may not be interested in them
✔✔Types of sources - ✔✔Written texts, Art, Physical evidence
✔✔Examples of written texts - ✔✔- letters, poetry, inscriptions, papyri, treaties
✔✔Examples of Art - ✔✔- vase, paintings, statues, relics, etc.
✔✔Examples of Physical Evidence - ✔✔- human remains, artifacts, tools, archeological
sites/buildings
✔✔What affects Transmission of sources - ✔✔- Natural disasters, warfare (destroys
sources)
- Monasteries picking what is transcribed (some works lost or forgotten)
- Latin medical texts before 350 AD lost
- Books translated to codex (codex more accessible/easy access, books may contain
contents that is difficult to format in codex, so they are simply left out and eventually
forgotten)
- In 850 AD/CE: changes in handwriting made in difficult for people to make sense of
what is written (more abbreviation in language/writing)
, ✔✔How were some medical works saved? - ✔✔- Galenism: Gale, well respected by
people, whose words are valued. Gale valued medicine and had a show on ancient
medicine, so people followed it as well.
- Printing press: helped preserved ancient texts
- In 1499, Greek medical record were printed.
- Opening of libraries
✔✔How does lost of sources affect us? - ✔✔- We can't make general/definitive
statements, meaning we don't have the full picture
- We need to use other sources to aid the picture: legal, historical, poetic, plays, etc.
- texts assume a level of knowledge
✔✔Problems on studying of ancient medicine - ✔✔- isolationist view (many only focus
on very specific topics rather than important problems at hand)
- cultural view of Hippocrates as founder/father of medicine (so anything before his time
are ignored)
- people have limited interest in medicine
- rational medicine vs magic/superstition/religion
✔✔T/F, rational and "magic/supernatural" approaches go side by side - ✔✔True
✔✔Causation Ideologies - ✔✔- seeks single entity casing disease (germ gene)
- if you know the cause, you can make a treatment
✔✔Reduction Ideologies - ✔✔- separate pathogen from patent
- problem bacteria/virus not the patient
- primary focus: disease agent
- secondary: patient
✔✔Problems with these approach.. - ✔✔- solely focused on root of problem, and
ignores patients (for instance the pain they'll feel)
✔✔Anthropological approach - ✔✔- relationship between disease, patient, and healer
✔✔Do's and Don'ts in A. approach - ✔✔- do's: wider, integrated perspective on human
interaction and culture
- don'ts: narrow, natural world POV
✔✔Health: Anthropological definition - ✔✔balance between people, nature, and
supernatural
✔✔Health: Generalization - ✔✔- absence of disease
✔✔Health: Modern definition - ✔✔- cultural norm
- fitting into a specific statistic
A+
✔✔Problems with the sources when studying ancient medicine - ✔✔- only a fraction of
sources exists from ancient day (need to look be critical and may need to consider other
timelines)
- complication with Greek society (only elite member were literate)
- experiential medicine and oral tradition (many medical theories/procedures were
observed first hand, never written down, and was passed down orally)
- throughout time, sources like texts simply destroyed
- biases of scribes: copying/recording: things published based on interest
- general public may not be interested in them
✔✔Types of sources - ✔✔Written texts, Art, Physical evidence
✔✔Examples of written texts - ✔✔- letters, poetry, inscriptions, papyri, treaties
✔✔Examples of Art - ✔✔- vase, paintings, statues, relics, etc.
✔✔Examples of Physical Evidence - ✔✔- human remains, artifacts, tools, archeological
sites/buildings
✔✔What affects Transmission of sources - ✔✔- Natural disasters, warfare (destroys
sources)
- Monasteries picking what is transcribed (some works lost or forgotten)
- Latin medical texts before 350 AD lost
- Books translated to codex (codex more accessible/easy access, books may contain
contents that is difficult to format in codex, so they are simply left out and eventually
forgotten)
- In 850 AD/CE: changes in handwriting made in difficult for people to make sense of
what is written (more abbreviation in language/writing)
, ✔✔How were some medical works saved? - ✔✔- Galenism: Gale, well respected by
people, whose words are valued. Gale valued medicine and had a show on ancient
medicine, so people followed it as well.
- Printing press: helped preserved ancient texts
- In 1499, Greek medical record were printed.
- Opening of libraries
✔✔How does lost of sources affect us? - ✔✔- We can't make general/definitive
statements, meaning we don't have the full picture
- We need to use other sources to aid the picture: legal, historical, poetic, plays, etc.
- texts assume a level of knowledge
✔✔Problems on studying of ancient medicine - ✔✔- isolationist view (many only focus
on very specific topics rather than important problems at hand)
- cultural view of Hippocrates as founder/father of medicine (so anything before his time
are ignored)
- people have limited interest in medicine
- rational medicine vs magic/superstition/religion
✔✔T/F, rational and "magic/supernatural" approaches go side by side - ✔✔True
✔✔Causation Ideologies - ✔✔- seeks single entity casing disease (germ gene)
- if you know the cause, you can make a treatment
✔✔Reduction Ideologies - ✔✔- separate pathogen from patent
- problem bacteria/virus not the patient
- primary focus: disease agent
- secondary: patient
✔✔Problems with these approach.. - ✔✔- solely focused on root of problem, and
ignores patients (for instance the pain they'll feel)
✔✔Anthropological approach - ✔✔- relationship between disease, patient, and healer
✔✔Do's and Don'ts in A. approach - ✔✔- do's: wider, integrated perspective on human
interaction and culture
- don'ts: narrow, natural world POV
✔✔Health: Anthropological definition - ✔✔balance between people, nature, and
supernatural
✔✔Health: Generalization - ✔✔- absence of disease
✔✔Health: Modern definition - ✔✔- cultural norm
- fitting into a specific statistic
