Pathophysiology Final Exam correct questions with verified answers A+
Grade 2026\2027
What is allergic asthma associated with?
- correct answer Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS?
- correct answer SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles,
Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
- correct answer Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent
breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis?
- correct answer Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack:
- correct answer Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's?
- correct answer 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
- correct answer Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
, Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
- correct answer Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
- correct answer Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
- correct answer Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer?
- correct answer No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease?
- correct answer Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion
(anemic)
What do you call kidney pain?
- correct answer Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
- correct answer Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
- correct answer E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
- correct answer Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure?
- correct answer Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
Grade 2026\2027
What is allergic asthma associated with?
- correct answer Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS?
- correct answer SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles,
Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
- correct answer Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent
breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis?
- correct answer Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack:
- correct answer Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's?
- correct answer 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
- correct answer Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
, Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
- correct answer Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
- correct answer Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
- correct answer Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer?
- correct answer No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease?
- correct answer Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion
(anemic)
What do you call kidney pain?
- correct answer Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
- correct answer Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
- correct answer E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
- correct answer Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure?
- correct answer Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
