R. NCS T PREP EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
WHAT HAS NEUTRAL PARTICLES, ALONG WITH PROTONS, AND IS FOUND IN
THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM - ANSWER-NEUTRON
WHICH PARTICLES OF AN ATOM ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED - ANSWER-
PROTON
WHAT MAKES UP THE ELEMENTS FOUND IN ALL MATTER - ANSWER-ATOMS
WHAT IS THE VOLTAGE INSIDE THE NERVE CELL MEMBRANE IN A RESTING
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL - ANSWER--90 TO -70mV
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION OUTSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - ANSWER-SODIUM
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION INSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - ANSWER-POTASSIUM
WHAT IS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TERM FOR WHEN DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS
IT CAUSES A MUSCLE AND/OR NERVE FIBER TO EITHER RESPOND TO A
STIMULUS COMPLETELY IF IT REACHES THRESHOLD OR NO RESPONSE IF
THE DEPOLARIZATION IS INSUFFICIENT TO REACH THRESHOLD - ANSWER-
ALL OR NONE RESPONSE
WHAT DESCRIBES CHANGING FROM A RESTING POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED
STATE TO AN EXCITED STATE - ANSWER-DEPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE POSTITVELY
CHARGED RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - ANSWER-DEPOLARIZATION?
WHAT DESCRIBES WHEN NERVE CELLS ARE CHANGED FROM AN EXCITED
STATE BACK TO A RESTING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED STATE
- ANSWER-REPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE NEGATIVELY
CHARGED RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - ANSWER-
HYPERPOLARIZATION
DURING THE REPOLARIZATION PHASE, SODIUM CHANNELS BECOME
INACTIVATED AND CANNOT BE OPENED NO MATTER HOW MUCH
DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS, AND NO ACTION POTENTIAL CAN BE
GENERATED NO MATTER HOW STRONG THE STIMULUS. WHAT IS THIS -
ANSWER-ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD
,IN THE LATER STAGES OF REPOLARIZATION, A BRIEF INCREASE IN THE
PERMEABILITY TO POTASSIUM OCCURS AND THIS RESULTS IN
HYPERPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE AND RETURNING IT SLOWLY TO ITS
RESTING VALUE DURING WHICH TIME AN INCREASING NUMBER OF SODIUM
CHANNELS CAN BE OPENED. IF YOU GIVE A STRONG STIMULUS, IT MIGHT
BE POSSIBLE FOR ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL TO OCCUR. THIS IS
KNOWN AS WHAT - ANSWER-RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD
PROPAGATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS ALONG MYELINATED AXONS FROM
ONE NODE OF RANVIER TO THE NEXT NODE OF RANVIER IS CALLED -
ANSWER-SALTATORY CONDUCTION
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CELLS THAT ARE SURROUNDING THE AXON TO
FORM THE MYELIN SHEATH - ANSWER-SCHWANN CELLS
WHAT DESCRIBES THE PERIODIC GAPS IN THE INSULATING SHEATH
(MYELIN) ON THE AXON THROUGH WHICH ION CHANNELS ALLOW THE FLOW
OF IONS ACROSS THE NERVE MEMBRANE - ANSWER-NODES OF RANVIER
THE LENGTH BETWEEN TWO NODES OF RANVIER IS CALLED - ANSWER-
INTERNODAL LENGTH
FORCING SODIUM OUT OF THE CELL AND POTASSIUM IN IS THE FUNCTION
OF WHAT - ANSWER-SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
WHAT CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE THE CONDUCTION VELOCITY OF A
NERVE - ANSWER-DIAMETER OF THE AXON AND DEGREE OF MYELINATION
WHAT TYPES OF FIBERS MEDIATE PAIN, TEMPERATURE, AND AUTONOMIC
FUNCTION - ANSWER-UNMYELINATED FIBERS
NERVE FIBER BUNDLES HAVING A COMMON DESTINATION DESCRIBES -
ANSWER-FASCICLES
EACH INDIVIDUAL FASCICLE IS SURROUNDED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CALLED - ANSWER-PERINEURIUM
WHAT IS THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AXONS CALLED -
ANSWER-ENDONEURIUM
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTER SUPPORTIVE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE WHICH SURROUNDS THE WHOLE NERVE AND BINDS FASCICLES TO
EACH OTHER - ANSWER-EPINEURIUM
WHAT TYPES OF NERVE FIBERS ARE MYELINATED - ANSWER-TYPE A
FIBERS-MYELINATED FIBERS OF SOMATIC NERVE THAT CAN INNERVATE
MUSCLE OR SKIN
TYPE B FIBERS-MYELINATED PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
, WHICH TYPE OF NERVE FIBER IS NOT FAST AND WHY - ANSWER-TYPE C
BECAUSE IT IS UNMYELINATED
WHICH NERVE FIBER IS FAST BUT NOT AS FAST AS NERVE FIBER TYPE A -
ANSWER-TYPE B-NOT AS MUCH MYELINATION AS TYPE A
WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATION LINK BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AND
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - ANSWER-AXONS
WHAT FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT FOR FAST CONDUCTION VELOCITY -
ANSWER-INCREASED DIAMETER AND MYELINATION OF NERVE FIBERS
WHERE IS THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION LOCATED - ANSWER-OUTSIDE OF
THE SPINAL CORD
WHERE ARE MOTOR NEURONS LOCATED - ANSWER-GRAY MATTER OF
ANTERIOR HORN IN THE SPINAL CORD
WHAT IS COMPOSED OF SARCOMERES AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE
CONTRACTION - ANSWER-MYOFIBRIL
A STRUCTURAL SUBUNIT THAT CONTAINS ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS -
ANSWER-SARCOMERE
WHICH BAND CONTAINS ONLY ACTIN FILAMENTS - ANSWER-I BAND
WHICH BAND CONTAINS ONLY MYOSIN FILAMENTS - ANSWER-H BAND
WHICH BAND CONTAINS BOTH ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS - ANSWER-A
BAND
WHERE ARE THE Z BANDS LOCATED - ANSWER-AT THE END OF EACH
SARCOMERE
WHAT MUSCLE FIBER IS CALLED THE "SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBER", RICH
IN MITOCHONDRIA AND MYOGLOBIN - ANSWER-TYPE 1
WHICH MUSCLE FIBER IS CALLED "FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBER" - ANSWER-
TYPE 2A AND 2B
WHAT FILAMENT IS CONTAINED IN THE CENTER OF THE SARCOMERE -
ANSWER-THICK MYOSIN
WHICH FILAMENT IS EXTENDING FROM EITHER SIDE OF THE Z LINE -
ANSWER-THIN ACTIN
WHAT IS RELEASED FROM THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM THAT AIDS IN
MUSCLE CONTRACTION - ANSWER-CALCIUM
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
WHAT HAS NEUTRAL PARTICLES, ALONG WITH PROTONS, AND IS FOUND IN
THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM - ANSWER-NEUTRON
WHICH PARTICLES OF AN ATOM ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED - ANSWER-
PROTON
WHAT MAKES UP THE ELEMENTS FOUND IN ALL MATTER - ANSWER-ATOMS
WHAT IS THE VOLTAGE INSIDE THE NERVE CELL MEMBRANE IN A RESTING
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL - ANSWER--90 TO -70mV
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION OUTSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - ANSWER-SODIUM
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION INSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - ANSWER-POTASSIUM
WHAT IS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TERM FOR WHEN DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS
IT CAUSES A MUSCLE AND/OR NERVE FIBER TO EITHER RESPOND TO A
STIMULUS COMPLETELY IF IT REACHES THRESHOLD OR NO RESPONSE IF
THE DEPOLARIZATION IS INSUFFICIENT TO REACH THRESHOLD - ANSWER-
ALL OR NONE RESPONSE
WHAT DESCRIBES CHANGING FROM A RESTING POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED
STATE TO AN EXCITED STATE - ANSWER-DEPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE POSTITVELY
CHARGED RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - ANSWER-DEPOLARIZATION?
WHAT DESCRIBES WHEN NERVE CELLS ARE CHANGED FROM AN EXCITED
STATE BACK TO A RESTING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED STATE
- ANSWER-REPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE NEGATIVELY
CHARGED RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - ANSWER-
HYPERPOLARIZATION
DURING THE REPOLARIZATION PHASE, SODIUM CHANNELS BECOME
INACTIVATED AND CANNOT BE OPENED NO MATTER HOW MUCH
DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS, AND NO ACTION POTENTIAL CAN BE
GENERATED NO MATTER HOW STRONG THE STIMULUS. WHAT IS THIS -
ANSWER-ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD
,IN THE LATER STAGES OF REPOLARIZATION, A BRIEF INCREASE IN THE
PERMEABILITY TO POTASSIUM OCCURS AND THIS RESULTS IN
HYPERPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE AND RETURNING IT SLOWLY TO ITS
RESTING VALUE DURING WHICH TIME AN INCREASING NUMBER OF SODIUM
CHANNELS CAN BE OPENED. IF YOU GIVE A STRONG STIMULUS, IT MIGHT
BE POSSIBLE FOR ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL TO OCCUR. THIS IS
KNOWN AS WHAT - ANSWER-RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD
PROPAGATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS ALONG MYELINATED AXONS FROM
ONE NODE OF RANVIER TO THE NEXT NODE OF RANVIER IS CALLED -
ANSWER-SALTATORY CONDUCTION
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CELLS THAT ARE SURROUNDING THE AXON TO
FORM THE MYELIN SHEATH - ANSWER-SCHWANN CELLS
WHAT DESCRIBES THE PERIODIC GAPS IN THE INSULATING SHEATH
(MYELIN) ON THE AXON THROUGH WHICH ION CHANNELS ALLOW THE FLOW
OF IONS ACROSS THE NERVE MEMBRANE - ANSWER-NODES OF RANVIER
THE LENGTH BETWEEN TWO NODES OF RANVIER IS CALLED - ANSWER-
INTERNODAL LENGTH
FORCING SODIUM OUT OF THE CELL AND POTASSIUM IN IS THE FUNCTION
OF WHAT - ANSWER-SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
WHAT CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE THE CONDUCTION VELOCITY OF A
NERVE - ANSWER-DIAMETER OF THE AXON AND DEGREE OF MYELINATION
WHAT TYPES OF FIBERS MEDIATE PAIN, TEMPERATURE, AND AUTONOMIC
FUNCTION - ANSWER-UNMYELINATED FIBERS
NERVE FIBER BUNDLES HAVING A COMMON DESTINATION DESCRIBES -
ANSWER-FASCICLES
EACH INDIVIDUAL FASCICLE IS SURROUNDED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CALLED - ANSWER-PERINEURIUM
WHAT IS THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AXONS CALLED -
ANSWER-ENDONEURIUM
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTER SUPPORTIVE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE WHICH SURROUNDS THE WHOLE NERVE AND BINDS FASCICLES TO
EACH OTHER - ANSWER-EPINEURIUM
WHAT TYPES OF NERVE FIBERS ARE MYELINATED - ANSWER-TYPE A
FIBERS-MYELINATED FIBERS OF SOMATIC NERVE THAT CAN INNERVATE
MUSCLE OR SKIN
TYPE B FIBERS-MYELINATED PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
, WHICH TYPE OF NERVE FIBER IS NOT FAST AND WHY - ANSWER-TYPE C
BECAUSE IT IS UNMYELINATED
WHICH NERVE FIBER IS FAST BUT NOT AS FAST AS NERVE FIBER TYPE A -
ANSWER-TYPE B-NOT AS MUCH MYELINATION AS TYPE A
WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATION LINK BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AND
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - ANSWER-AXONS
WHAT FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT FOR FAST CONDUCTION VELOCITY -
ANSWER-INCREASED DIAMETER AND MYELINATION OF NERVE FIBERS
WHERE IS THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION LOCATED - ANSWER-OUTSIDE OF
THE SPINAL CORD
WHERE ARE MOTOR NEURONS LOCATED - ANSWER-GRAY MATTER OF
ANTERIOR HORN IN THE SPINAL CORD
WHAT IS COMPOSED OF SARCOMERES AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE
CONTRACTION - ANSWER-MYOFIBRIL
A STRUCTURAL SUBUNIT THAT CONTAINS ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS -
ANSWER-SARCOMERE
WHICH BAND CONTAINS ONLY ACTIN FILAMENTS - ANSWER-I BAND
WHICH BAND CONTAINS ONLY MYOSIN FILAMENTS - ANSWER-H BAND
WHICH BAND CONTAINS BOTH ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS - ANSWER-A
BAND
WHERE ARE THE Z BANDS LOCATED - ANSWER-AT THE END OF EACH
SARCOMERE
WHAT MUSCLE FIBER IS CALLED THE "SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBER", RICH
IN MITOCHONDRIA AND MYOGLOBIN - ANSWER-TYPE 1
WHICH MUSCLE FIBER IS CALLED "FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBER" - ANSWER-
TYPE 2A AND 2B
WHAT FILAMENT IS CONTAINED IN THE CENTER OF THE SARCOMERE -
ANSWER-THICK MYOSIN
WHICH FILAMENT IS EXTENDING FROM EITHER SIDE OF THE Z LINE -
ANSWER-THIN ACTIN
WHAT IS RELEASED FROM THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM THAT AIDS IN
MUSCLE CONTRACTION - ANSWER-CALCIUM
