NR328/NR 328 Final Exam V2 | Pediatric Nursing
Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain University
1. A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child’s growth and development. According to Erikson,
which developmental task should the child be working on?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The preschool-age child (3 to 6 years) is in the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt,
where they begin to assert power and control over the world through directing play and
other social interactions. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose, while failure
results in a sense of guilt. Nurses should encourage fantasy and creative play to support
this developmental milestone.
2. Which of the following findings is most characteristic of a child diagnosed with
Intussusception?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Projectile vomiting without bile
C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
,D. Pain in the lower right quadrant
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Intussusception is characterized by the sudden onset of severe abdominal
pain and the passage of stools mixed with blood and mucus, known as currant jelly stools.
This condition occurs when one segment of the bowel telescopes into another, causing
obstruction and ischemia. Nursing care includes monitoring for the passage of normal
brown stool, which indicates the intussusception has reduced itself.
3. A nurse is caring for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who suddenly becomes cyanotic and
dyspneic. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask
B. Prepare for immediate administration of morphine
C. Notify the healthcare provider immediately
D. Place the infant in a knee-chest position
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Placing the infant in a knee-chest position increases systemic vascular
resistance, which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a
‘tet’ spell. This is a priority nursing intervention for acute cyanotic episodes in patients
with Tetralogy of Fallot. After positioning, the nurse should proceed with oxygen
administration and notify the provider if the spell persists.
, 4. A school-age child has a legacy of Acute Glomerulonephritis. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect to see?
A. Hypotension and bradycardia
B. Generalized edema and massive proteinuria
C. Periorbital edema and tea-colored urine
D. Increased appetite and polyuria
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Acute Glomerulonephritis typically follows a streptococcal infection and
presents with hematuria (tea-colored urine) and periorbital edema. The nurse should also
monitor for hypertension, which is a common complication of this renal inflammatory
process. Unlike nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria in AGN is usually mild rather than
massive.
5. Which medication is typically the first-line treatment for a child with Kawasaki Disease to
prevent coronary artery aneurysms?
A. Cyclosporine and Warfarin
B. Prednisone and Ibuprofen
C. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and Aspirin
D. Acyclovir and Acetaminophen
Correct Answer: C
Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain University
1. A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child’s growth and development. According to Erikson,
which developmental task should the child be working on?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The preschool-age child (3 to 6 years) is in the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt,
where they begin to assert power and control over the world through directing play and
other social interactions. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose, while failure
results in a sense of guilt. Nurses should encourage fantasy and creative play to support
this developmental milestone.
2. Which of the following findings is most characteristic of a child diagnosed with
Intussusception?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Projectile vomiting without bile
C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
,D. Pain in the lower right quadrant
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Intussusception is characterized by the sudden onset of severe abdominal
pain and the passage of stools mixed with blood and mucus, known as currant jelly stools.
This condition occurs when one segment of the bowel telescopes into another, causing
obstruction and ischemia. Nursing care includes monitoring for the passage of normal
brown stool, which indicates the intussusception has reduced itself.
3. A nurse is caring for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who suddenly becomes cyanotic and
dyspneic. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask
B. Prepare for immediate administration of morphine
C. Notify the healthcare provider immediately
D. Place the infant in a knee-chest position
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Placing the infant in a knee-chest position increases systemic vascular
resistance, which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a
‘tet’ spell. This is a priority nursing intervention for acute cyanotic episodes in patients
with Tetralogy of Fallot. After positioning, the nurse should proceed with oxygen
administration and notify the provider if the spell persists.
, 4. A school-age child has a legacy of Acute Glomerulonephritis. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect to see?
A. Hypotension and bradycardia
B. Generalized edema and massive proteinuria
C. Periorbital edema and tea-colored urine
D. Increased appetite and polyuria
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Acute Glomerulonephritis typically follows a streptococcal infection and
presents with hematuria (tea-colored urine) and periorbital edema. The nurse should also
monitor for hypertension, which is a common complication of this renal inflammatory
process. Unlike nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria in AGN is usually mild rather than
massive.
5. Which medication is typically the first-line treatment for a child with Kawasaki Disease to
prevent coronary artery aneurysms?
A. Cyclosporine and Warfarin
B. Prednisone and Ibuprofen
C. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and Aspirin
D. Acyclovir and Acetaminophen
Correct Answer: C
