, TABLE OF CONTENT F! F!
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Receive
F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
dChapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
!F F! F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
F! F! F! F! F! !F
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
F! F! F!
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
F! F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapt
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
er 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSyste
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! !F
ms
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! !F
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
F! F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
RayProcedures
!F
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammograph
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
yChapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Dia
!F F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
gnostic X-Ray Procedures
F! F!
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
F ! F! F ! F! F !
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 10th Edition
F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F !
MULTIPLE CHOICE F!
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include F! F! F ! F! F ! F !
1. creation of unstable atoms. F! F! F!
2. production of free electrons. F ! F! F!
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsu
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
bstances poisonous to the cell.
F ! F ! F! F!
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F! F! F!
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F ! F ! F! F! F!
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. F! F! F! F!
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
F! F! F! F! F!
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
F! F! F! F! F!
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
F! F! F! F! F!
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: D F!
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charge
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
dparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it pass
F
! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
es?
a. Ionizing radiation F!
b. Nonionizing radiation F!
c. Subatomic radiation F!
d. Ultrasonic radiation F!
ANS: A F!
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medi
F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F!
calbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
F
! F ! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F !
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiath
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
ey may have. F! F!
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a s
F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F!
mallchance of biologic damage.
F
! F! F! F!
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biolo
F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F!F!
gicdamage. F
!
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possib
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F ! F!
lebiologic damage.
F
! F!
ANS: D F!
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
F! F! F! F! F!
a. 1/10 of a sievert. F! F! F!
b. 1/100 of a sievert. F! F! F!
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. F! F! F!
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. F! F! F!
ANS: C F!
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
F! F! F! F! F! F!
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F!
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F! F!
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
F ! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F!
a. 1 and 2 only F! F! F!
b. 1 and 3 only F! F! F!
c. 2 and 3 only F! F! F!
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: D F!
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefr
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
om a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
F! F! F! F! F! F! F !
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fro
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F !
mthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
F
! F! F! F! F ! F ! F !
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
F ! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
thereferring physician.F
! F !
ANS: A F!
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging proced
F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F ! F !
uresalways follow ALARA?
F
! F ! F!
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptr
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
esponsibility for patient radiation safety. F ! F! F ! F !
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F !
, patient radiation safety. F! F!
c. Because radiation- F!
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level b
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F
! F! F! F!
elow which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
d. Because radiation- F!
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a
F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F ! F
! F ! F! F!
chance of developing this disease. F ! F! F ! F !
ANS: C F!
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F!
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: D F!
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hosp
F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F!
italadministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maint
F
! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
enance of the ALARA program? F! F! F! F!
a. Assistant administrator of the facility F! F ! F! F!
b. Chief of staff F! F!
c. Radiation Safety Officer F! F!
d. Student radiologic technologist F! F!
ANS: C F!
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specif
F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F ! F! F!
icx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
F
! F! F! F! F!
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F ! F!
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patie
F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F!
nt.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F ! F! F !
a. 1 and 2 only F! F! F!
b. 1 and 3 only F! F! F!
c. 2 and 3 only F! F! F!
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: A F!
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F!
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B F!
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
F! F! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F!
a. Coulomb per kilogram F! F!
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A F!
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of th
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
eneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
F
! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
F! F! F! F! F! F
! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F!
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Receive
F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
dChapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
!F F! F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
F! F! F! F! F! !F
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
F! F! F!
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
F! F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapt
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
er 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSyste
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! !F
ms
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! !F
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
F! F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
RayProcedures
!F
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammograph
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
yChapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Dia
!F F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
gnostic X-Ray Procedures
F! F!
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
F! F! F! F! F!
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
F ! F! F ! F! F !
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 10th Edition
F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F !
MULTIPLE CHOICE F!
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include F! F! F ! F! F ! F !
1. creation of unstable atoms. F! F! F!
2. production of free electrons. F ! F! F!
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsu
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
bstances poisonous to the cell.
F ! F ! F! F!
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F! F! F!
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F ! F ! F! F! F!
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. F! F! F! F!
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
F! F! F! F! F!
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
F! F! F! F! F!
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
F! F! F! F! F!
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: D F!
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charge
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
dparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it pass
F
! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
es?
a. Ionizing radiation F!
b. Nonionizing radiation F!
c. Subatomic radiation F!
d. Ultrasonic radiation F!
ANS: A F!
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medi
F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F!
calbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
F
! F ! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F !
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiath
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
ey may have. F! F!
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a s
F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F!
mallchance of biologic damage.
F
! F! F! F!
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biolo
F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F!F!
gicdamage. F
!
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possib
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F ! F!
lebiologic damage.
F
! F!
ANS: D F!
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
F! F! F! F! F!
a. 1/10 of a sievert. F! F! F!
b. 1/100 of a sievert. F! F! F!
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. F! F! F!
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. F! F! F!
ANS: C F!
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
F! F! F! F! F! F!
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F!
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F! F!
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
F ! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F!
a. 1 and 2 only F! F! F!
b. 1 and 3 only F! F! F!
c. 2 and 3 only F! F! F!
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: D F!
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefr
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
om a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
F! F! F! F! F! F! F !
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fro
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F !
mthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
F
! F! F! F! F ! F ! F !
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
F ! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
thereferring physician.F
! F !
ANS: A F!
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging proced
F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F ! F !
uresalways follow ALARA?
F
! F ! F!
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptr
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F
!
esponsibility for patient radiation safety. F ! F! F ! F !
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F !
, patient radiation safety. F! F!
c. Because radiation- F!
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level b
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F
! F! F! F!
elow which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
d. Because radiation- F!
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a
F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F ! F
! F ! F! F!
chance of developing this disease. F ! F! F ! F !
ANS: C F!
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F!
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: D F!
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hosp
F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F!
italadministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maint
F
! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
enance of the ALARA program? F! F! F! F!
a. Assistant administrator of the facility F! F ! F! F!
b. Chief of staff F! F!
c. Radiation Safety Officer F! F!
d. Student radiologic technologist F! F!
ANS: C F!
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specif
F! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F ! F! F!
icx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
F
! F! F! F! F!
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
F! F! F ! F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F ! F!
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patie
F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F!
nt.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
F! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F ! F! F !
a. 1 and 2 only F! F! F!
b. 1 and 3 only F! F! F!
c. 2 and 3 only F! F! F!
d. All the options F! F!
ANS: A F!
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
F! F! F! F! F! F ! F! F! F ! F! F!
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B F!
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
F! F! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F! F! F ! F ! F! F!
a. Coulomb per kilogram F! F!
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A F!
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of th
F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
eneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
F
! F! F! F! F! F! F! F!
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
F! F! F! F! F! F
! F! F! F ! F! F ! F! F!
