ABO PRACTICE EXAM: COMPREHENSIVE
OPHTHALMOLOGY LATEST UPDATED 2026-2027
ACTUAL FINAL EXAM WITH ALL POSSIBLE 100
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED WITH RELIABLE
RATIONALES PLUS ANSWER KEY ALREADY A+
GRADED MOST RECENT!!!
1. A 65-year-old patient presents with a sudden,
painless loss of the inferior visual field in one eye.
Funduscopic examination reveals an area of retinal
whitening with a cherry-red spot. Which of the
following arteries is most likely occluded?
A. Central retinal artery
B. Branch retinal artery
,C. Cilioretinal artery
D. Ophthalmic artery
Central retinal artery occlusion presents with
diffuse retinal whitening and a cherry-red spot. A
branch retinal artery occlusion would cause
sectoral whitening and corresponding visual field
loss, such as an inferior altitudinal defect if the
superior branch is involved.
2. A fluorescein angiogram shows early
hyperfluorescence that does not expand in size or
shape in the later phases, but fades. This pattern is
characteristic of which condition?
A. Choroidal neovascularization
B. Retinal pigment epithelium window defect
C. Cystoid macular edema
D. Leakage from a microaneurysm
Window defects, caused by RPE atrophy, show
early hyperfluorescence due to visibility of the
choroidal flush. The fluorescence fades in the late
phases without leaking, unlike pooling or active
leakage which increase in intensity and size.
,3. A patient with a history of granulomatosis with
polyangiitis presents with proptosis, pain, and vision
loss. A CT scan shows a lateral orbital mass with
bony erosion. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Orbital pseudotumor
B. Thyroid eye disease
C. Orbital cellulitis
D. Orbital vasculitis with necrobiotic mass
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis can cause an
orbital pseudotumor-like mass, but histologically
shows necrobiotic granulomas with vasculitis. The
bony erosion is atypical for idiopathic orbital
pseudotumor and points towards a necrobiotic
process.
4. A crystalline lens with a discontinuity in the
anterior Y-suture is characteristic of which type of
cataract?
A. Posterior polar cataract
B. Cortical spoke cataract
C. Anterior subcapsular cataract
D. Sutural cataract
Sutural cataracts involve opacification of the Y-
, sutures of the fetal nucleus. They are typically
visually insignificant and often congenital.
5. In retinoblastoma, the Flexner-Wintersteiner
rosette is a characteristic histopathological finding.
What is the nature of these rosettes?
A. A ring of tumor cells surrounding a central blood
vessel
B. A ring of tumor cells surrounding a central lumen
with photoreceptor-like differentiation
C. A halo of palisading necrotic tumor cells
D. A pseudoglandular arrangement of tumor cells
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are specific to
retinoblastoma and represent an attempt at
photoreceptor differentiation. This is distinct from
Homer-Wright rosettes seen in neuroblastoma,
which surround a neuropil core, not a lumen.
6. A young child is found to have a leukocoria and a
retrolental white mass. CT shows intraocular
calcification. What is the most likely causative gene
mutation?
A. NF1
OPHTHALMOLOGY LATEST UPDATED 2026-2027
ACTUAL FINAL EXAM WITH ALL POSSIBLE 100
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED WITH RELIABLE
RATIONALES PLUS ANSWER KEY ALREADY A+
GRADED MOST RECENT!!!
1. A 65-year-old patient presents with a sudden,
painless loss of the inferior visual field in one eye.
Funduscopic examination reveals an area of retinal
whitening with a cherry-red spot. Which of the
following arteries is most likely occluded?
A. Central retinal artery
B. Branch retinal artery
,C. Cilioretinal artery
D. Ophthalmic artery
Central retinal artery occlusion presents with
diffuse retinal whitening and a cherry-red spot. A
branch retinal artery occlusion would cause
sectoral whitening and corresponding visual field
loss, such as an inferior altitudinal defect if the
superior branch is involved.
2. A fluorescein angiogram shows early
hyperfluorescence that does not expand in size or
shape in the later phases, but fades. This pattern is
characteristic of which condition?
A. Choroidal neovascularization
B. Retinal pigment epithelium window defect
C. Cystoid macular edema
D. Leakage from a microaneurysm
Window defects, caused by RPE atrophy, show
early hyperfluorescence due to visibility of the
choroidal flush. The fluorescence fades in the late
phases without leaking, unlike pooling or active
leakage which increase in intensity and size.
,3. A patient with a history of granulomatosis with
polyangiitis presents with proptosis, pain, and vision
loss. A CT scan shows a lateral orbital mass with
bony erosion. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Orbital pseudotumor
B. Thyroid eye disease
C. Orbital cellulitis
D. Orbital vasculitis with necrobiotic mass
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis can cause an
orbital pseudotumor-like mass, but histologically
shows necrobiotic granulomas with vasculitis. The
bony erosion is atypical for idiopathic orbital
pseudotumor and points towards a necrobiotic
process.
4. A crystalline lens with a discontinuity in the
anterior Y-suture is characteristic of which type of
cataract?
A. Posterior polar cataract
B. Cortical spoke cataract
C. Anterior subcapsular cataract
D. Sutural cataract
Sutural cataracts involve opacification of the Y-
, sutures of the fetal nucleus. They are typically
visually insignificant and often congenital.
5. In retinoblastoma, the Flexner-Wintersteiner
rosette is a characteristic histopathological finding.
What is the nature of these rosettes?
A. A ring of tumor cells surrounding a central blood
vessel
B. A ring of tumor cells surrounding a central lumen
with photoreceptor-like differentiation
C. A halo of palisading necrotic tumor cells
D. A pseudoglandular arrangement of tumor cells
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are specific to
retinoblastoma and represent an attempt at
photoreceptor differentiation. This is distinct from
Homer-Wright rosettes seen in neuroblastoma,
which surround a neuropil core, not a lumen.
6. A young child is found to have a leukocoria and a
retrolental white mass. CT shows intraocular
calcification. What is the most likely causative gene
mutation?
A. NF1
