NSG 3113 - Pathophysiology Exam 1
Questions With Correct Answers
atrophy
- cells revert to smaller size in response to changes in metabolism
| | | | | | | | | | |
- when a cell's environment cannot support its metabolic requirements
| | | | | | | | |
- allows for less metabolic demand and more efficient functioning that is
| | | | | | | | | | |
compatible with survival
| | |
hypertrophy
- increase in cell size results in an enlargement of functioning tissue
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mass
- each individual cell becomes larger
| | | | |
- leads to greater metabolic demand/energy needs
| | | | | |
adaptive
- response to stress
| | |
- maintain hemostasis
| |
,maladaptive
- disruptions to function
| | |
paralysis
- condition causes lack of muscle contraction, loss of nerve stimulation,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and decreased workload of the muscles, the size of skeletal muscle cells
| | | | | | | | | | | |
decrease and undergo diminished metabolic activity
| | | | |
physiological hypertrophy |
- in a well-trained athlete, each individual myocardial cell is enlarged
| | | | | | | | | | |
which enhances coronary bloody supply of the cells and delivers large
| | | | | | | | | | |
amounts of oxygen and nutrients
| | | |
- angiogenesis
|
pathological hypertrophy |
- in long-standing hypertension, elevated blood pressure increases
| | | | | | | |
workload for left ventricle, which increases each cardiac muscle cell in
| | | | | | | | | | |
size without increase in blood growth/supply of vessels.
| | | | | | | |
,- the ventricle outgrows supply of blood flow and is susceptible to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
inadequate blood flow (ischemia)
| | |
- can occur in disease/maladaptive environments
| | | | |
metaplasia
in GERD, the lower esophageal sphincter is weakened which allows
| | | | | | | | | |
stomach acid into the lower esophagus causing inflammation of the
| | | | | | | | | |
esophagus (if prolonged or not treated) normal epithelial cells
| | | | | | | | |
transform/change into columnar stomach-like cells | | | |
hyperplasia
- only cells capable of mitotic division (epithelium/glandular tissue)
| | | | | | | |
- stimulated by hormonal or compensatory mechanisms
| | | | | |
- cell mass necessary for regeneration to be exceeded
| | | | | | | |
, hyperplasia
- in pregnancy, estrogen stimulation results in mitotic division of breast
| | | | | | | | | | |
gland cells |
- a keloid is the overgrowth of granulation tissue during the wound
| | | | | | | | | | | |
repair process |
dysplasia
- cellular change
| |
- d/t chronic inflammation/precancerous condition
| | | |
* often detected on Pap during cervical exam; precursor to cancer of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cervix
neoplasm
- new, uncontrolled, uncoordinated proliferative cell growth that is
| | | | | | | | |
cancerous
Questions With Correct Answers
atrophy
- cells revert to smaller size in response to changes in metabolism
| | | | | | | | | | |
- when a cell's environment cannot support its metabolic requirements
| | | | | | | | |
- allows for less metabolic demand and more efficient functioning that is
| | | | | | | | | | |
compatible with survival
| | |
hypertrophy
- increase in cell size results in an enlargement of functioning tissue
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mass
- each individual cell becomes larger
| | | | |
- leads to greater metabolic demand/energy needs
| | | | | |
adaptive
- response to stress
| | |
- maintain hemostasis
| |
,maladaptive
- disruptions to function
| | |
paralysis
- condition causes lack of muscle contraction, loss of nerve stimulation,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and decreased workload of the muscles, the size of skeletal muscle cells
| | | | | | | | | | | |
decrease and undergo diminished metabolic activity
| | | | |
physiological hypertrophy |
- in a well-trained athlete, each individual myocardial cell is enlarged
| | | | | | | | | | |
which enhances coronary bloody supply of the cells and delivers large
| | | | | | | | | | |
amounts of oxygen and nutrients
| | | |
- angiogenesis
|
pathological hypertrophy |
- in long-standing hypertension, elevated blood pressure increases
| | | | | | | |
workload for left ventricle, which increases each cardiac muscle cell in
| | | | | | | | | | |
size without increase in blood growth/supply of vessels.
| | | | | | | |
,- the ventricle outgrows supply of blood flow and is susceptible to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
inadequate blood flow (ischemia)
| | |
- can occur in disease/maladaptive environments
| | | | |
metaplasia
in GERD, the lower esophageal sphincter is weakened which allows
| | | | | | | | | |
stomach acid into the lower esophagus causing inflammation of the
| | | | | | | | | |
esophagus (if prolonged or not treated) normal epithelial cells
| | | | | | | | |
transform/change into columnar stomach-like cells | | | |
hyperplasia
- only cells capable of mitotic division (epithelium/glandular tissue)
| | | | | | | |
- stimulated by hormonal or compensatory mechanisms
| | | | | |
- cell mass necessary for regeneration to be exceeded
| | | | | | | |
, hyperplasia
- in pregnancy, estrogen stimulation results in mitotic division of breast
| | | | | | | | | | |
gland cells |
- a keloid is the overgrowth of granulation tissue during the wound
| | | | | | | | | | | |
repair process |
dysplasia
- cellular change
| |
- d/t chronic inflammation/precancerous condition
| | | |
* often detected on Pap during cervical exam; precursor to cancer of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cervix
neoplasm
- new, uncontrolled, uncoordinated proliferative cell growth that is
| | | | | | | | |
cancerous
