PARAMEDIC ENTRANCE COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔list the signs and symptoms of inadequate breathing for an infant, child, and adult -
✔✔Breathing rate. An increase in the number of breaths per minute may mean that a
person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen.
Color changes. ...
Grunting. ...
Nose flaring. ...
Retractions. ...
Sweating. ...
Wheezing. ...
Body position.
✔✔list the stages of death and dying - ✔✔cessation of heartbeat and breathing
dependent lividity rigor mortis
✔✔list treatment for treatment of hypoperfusion - ✔✔Perform Initial Treatment /
Universal Patient Care Protocol and follow the proper protocol for medical management
based on clinical presentation. B. Categories of Shock: 1. Hypovolemic 2. Distributive 3.
Cardiogenic 4. Septic C. Determine most likely cause of shock: 1. Hypovolemic (loss of
fluid) is most common. Usually from bleeding or vomiting and diarrhea. 2. Distributive
(loss of vascular tone) is usually from sepsis (infection). Other causes include
anaphylaxis, toxic chemicals, or spinal cord injury. 3. Cardiogenic (heart pump failure) -
most common cause in adults is acute MI or CHF. Is rare in children. D. If hypovolemic
shock is suspected (most common): 1. Monitor vital signs, ECG, and pulse oximeter. 2.
Expedite transport. 3. As soon as possible, and without delaying transport, establish two
(2) IV lines of normal saline with as large a catheter as possible up to a 14 gauge. 4. If
systolic blood pressure < 90 or patient has other signs and symptoms of shock such as
tachycardia, delayed capillary refill, cool/clammy skin, or altered mental status, then
administer 20 ml/kg normal saline IV up to a maximum of 2 liters and reassess.
, ✔✔list common medical disorders/conditions found in children and the elderly -
✔✔Elderly: hearing loss, cataracts and refractive errors, back and neck pain and
osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression and
dementia.
Children: 1. Sore Throat · 2. Ear Pain · 3. Urinary Tract Infection · 4. Skin Infection · 5.
Bronchitis · 6. Bronchiolitis · 7. Pain · 8. Common Cold.
✔✔define the function of the gallbladder - ✔✔Sac under the liver collects and stores bile
from the liver until it is released into the duodenum to aid in digestion of fats
✔✔describe the function of platelets and white blood cells - ✔✔Whole blood consists of
plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets. Since platelets are the lightest
component of whole blood, they are pushed to the walls of your blood vessels, allowing
plasma and blood cells to flow through the center, which helps platelets reach injury
quickly to prevent bleeding. White blood cells fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
invaders that threaten your health.
✔✔describe the log roll - ✔✔*Stabilize head and neck. Size and Apply rigid C-collar
*Place board parallel to pt
*Have 3 rescuers kneel at pts side opposite board at pts shoulder, waist and knee. One
*EMT continues to stabilize head, while others reach across pt to position hands
properly
*EMT at head directs others to roll pt as a unit
EMT at pats waist grips spine board and pulls it into position against the pt
*Roll the pt as a unit onto the board. Pad voids as needed
*Secure pts torso to board first, then legs, then head.
*Reassess distal pulse, motor function and sensation
✔✔describe management for suspected child abuse - ✔✔*Always transport even if
severity may not warrant it
*Dress and provide other appropriate care for injuries as necessary
*(if sexual abuse is suspected) discourage pt from using bathroom, give nothing by
mouth, do not have child change clothes
*TRANSPORT
✔✔define SIDS - ✔✔sudden infant death syndrome, unexplained by history and a
thorough post-mortem evaluation.
✔✔list the treatment for an amputated arm - ✔✔. Stop the bleeding
a. Apply direct pressure, if bleeding continues apply a tourniquet
b. Treat patient for hypovolemic shock
. Contro all obvious external bleeding
i. Handle the patient gently and keep them warm
ii. Secure and maintain airway
iii. Provide respiratory support
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔list the signs and symptoms of inadequate breathing for an infant, child, and adult -
✔✔Breathing rate. An increase in the number of breaths per minute may mean that a
person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen.
Color changes. ...
Grunting. ...
Nose flaring. ...
Retractions. ...
Sweating. ...
Wheezing. ...
Body position.
✔✔list the stages of death and dying - ✔✔cessation of heartbeat and breathing
dependent lividity rigor mortis
✔✔list treatment for treatment of hypoperfusion - ✔✔Perform Initial Treatment /
Universal Patient Care Protocol and follow the proper protocol for medical management
based on clinical presentation. B. Categories of Shock: 1. Hypovolemic 2. Distributive 3.
Cardiogenic 4. Septic C. Determine most likely cause of shock: 1. Hypovolemic (loss of
fluid) is most common. Usually from bleeding or vomiting and diarrhea. 2. Distributive
(loss of vascular tone) is usually from sepsis (infection). Other causes include
anaphylaxis, toxic chemicals, or spinal cord injury. 3. Cardiogenic (heart pump failure) -
most common cause in adults is acute MI or CHF. Is rare in children. D. If hypovolemic
shock is suspected (most common): 1. Monitor vital signs, ECG, and pulse oximeter. 2.
Expedite transport. 3. As soon as possible, and without delaying transport, establish two
(2) IV lines of normal saline with as large a catheter as possible up to a 14 gauge. 4. If
systolic blood pressure < 90 or patient has other signs and symptoms of shock such as
tachycardia, delayed capillary refill, cool/clammy skin, or altered mental status, then
administer 20 ml/kg normal saline IV up to a maximum of 2 liters and reassess.
, ✔✔list common medical disorders/conditions found in children and the elderly -
✔✔Elderly: hearing loss, cataracts and refractive errors, back and neck pain and
osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression and
dementia.
Children: 1. Sore Throat · 2. Ear Pain · 3. Urinary Tract Infection · 4. Skin Infection · 5.
Bronchitis · 6. Bronchiolitis · 7. Pain · 8. Common Cold.
✔✔define the function of the gallbladder - ✔✔Sac under the liver collects and stores bile
from the liver until it is released into the duodenum to aid in digestion of fats
✔✔describe the function of platelets and white blood cells - ✔✔Whole blood consists of
plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets. Since platelets are the lightest
component of whole blood, they are pushed to the walls of your blood vessels, allowing
plasma and blood cells to flow through the center, which helps platelets reach injury
quickly to prevent bleeding. White blood cells fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
invaders that threaten your health.
✔✔describe the log roll - ✔✔*Stabilize head and neck. Size and Apply rigid C-collar
*Place board parallel to pt
*Have 3 rescuers kneel at pts side opposite board at pts shoulder, waist and knee. One
*EMT continues to stabilize head, while others reach across pt to position hands
properly
*EMT at head directs others to roll pt as a unit
EMT at pats waist grips spine board and pulls it into position against the pt
*Roll the pt as a unit onto the board. Pad voids as needed
*Secure pts torso to board first, then legs, then head.
*Reassess distal pulse, motor function and sensation
✔✔describe management for suspected child abuse - ✔✔*Always transport even if
severity may not warrant it
*Dress and provide other appropriate care for injuries as necessary
*(if sexual abuse is suspected) discourage pt from using bathroom, give nothing by
mouth, do not have child change clothes
*TRANSPORT
✔✔define SIDS - ✔✔sudden infant death syndrome, unexplained by history and a
thorough post-mortem evaluation.
✔✔list the treatment for an amputated arm - ✔✔. Stop the bleeding
a. Apply direct pressure, if bleeding continues apply a tourniquet
b. Treat patient for hypovolemic shock
. Contro all obvious external bleeding
i. Handle the patient gently and keep them warm
ii. Secure and maintain airway
iii. Provide respiratory support
