NUR 2356 REVIEW TIPS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What are the most common cancers in adolescents 15-19? - ✔✔-Brain and CNS
tumors
-lymphoma
-leukemia
-gonadal (testicular and ovarian)
-germ cell tumors
-thyroid cancer
-melanoma
✔✔what tumors happen more frequently in African Americans and Caucasian? - ✔✔AA-
tumor of kidney and soft tissues
C- tumor of bone
✔✔A nursing student sees that a child is receiving a much longer chemo treatment than
an adult and thinks that there is a mistake. Why is the student wrong? - ✔✔Children
need a longer treatment because they have a faster metabolic rate
✔✔Characteristics of normal cells and their definitions. - ✔✔Cell cycle - 5 phases
differentiation - look the same but are actually different (EX: muscle cells- heart muscle
different than skeletal muscle but they are all muscles)
Cell inhibition - Cells contact each other, line up, grow to a certain point and then stop
✔✔Cancer/ malignant cells flourish in what kind of environment? - ✔✔antagonistic
✔✔Characteristics of cancerous/ malignant cells - ✔✔cancer cells don't follow rules of
replication
,Larger and grow more rapidly
bear little resemblance to host cells
uncontrolled replication
✔✔Adult vs. Pediatric Cancers - ✔✔Adults: cancer is often the result of dietary issues or
prolonged exposure to toxins from bad habits --> can be prevented through lifestyle
changes
Children: cancer is usually embryonic or oncogenic (cellular change that allows
unregulated genetic activity and tumor growth) --> lifestyle changes have little effect on
the incidence of childhood cancer
✔✔A child presents to the hospital with an unusual mass/swelling, pallor, fatigue,
unexplained bleeding/bruising/petechiae, persistent localized pain/limping, prolonged
unexplained fever/illness, frequent headaches with vomiting, sudden eye and vision
changes, and excessively rapid weight loss. What is the nurse suspecting the child may
have? - ✔✔cancer
✔✔What diagnostic tests can the nurse anticipate the doctor ordering if cancer is
suspected? - ✔✔LAB: CBC, electrolytes, kidney, liver, and bone marrow function (bone
marrow analysis and biopsy)
Diagnostic procedures: lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, tumor biopsy
Diagnostic imaging: x-ray, CT, MRI, PET scan, MIBG scan (neuroblastoma and soft
tissue tumor suspection)
✔✔Why do we stage cancer? - ✔✔staging describes the extent of the disease locally,
regionally, and systemically and in most tumors guides the therapy
✔✔A nursing student is learning about cancer staging and sees 3 letters that identify
classification. TNM. What do those letters mean? And what do they identify? - ✔✔T-
Tumor
N-Lymph
M-Metastasis
they identify protocol for treatment
✔✔What are the 3 goals of cancer treatment and define them - ✔✔Curative - rid the
child's body of the cancer
Supportive - interventions to assist the body's defenses and increase the child's comfort
, End of life - make the child as comfortable as possible when no curative treatment is
possible
✔✔A group of residents are discussing treatments for a child with cancer. What are all
the methods the nurse could anticipate being ordered? - ✔✔-Surgery
-Chemotherapy
-Radiotherapy (radiation)
-Biotherapy (Biologic response modifiers)
-Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
-End of life care if curative doesn't work
✔✔Why is surgery frequently a part of cancer therapy for children? - ✔✔to obtain a
biopsy
tumor resection (partial or total)
✔✔What other surgical procedures are done as part of cancer therapy? - ✔✔Central
venous catheter or implanted port placement
✔✔A mother is upset her child needs an implanted port (Port-a-cath, infusaport,
mediport, norport) for cancer treatment. What benefits could the nurse tell her about the
implanted port to ease her anxiety? - ✔✔-Reduced risk of infection
-Stable- not easily pulled out since it is placed completely under the skin
-Heparinized monthly and after each infusion to maintain patency and can remain in
place for years
-No limitations on regular physical activity including swimming. Excluding vigorous
contact sports
-Dressing needed only when Huber needle is in place
-only slight change in body appearance
✔✔A child needs an implanted port for cancer treatments. He loves sports and wants to
play football but is devastated when he finds out he can't. What statement by the nurse
would be most appropriate?
"Sorry you can't play football. You are sick and have to rest."
"You are too young for a sport like that. How about you play with your trucks instead"
"I am sorry you cant play football, but you are able to do another sport like swimming!"
"You heard what the doctor said, no sports." - ✔✔"I am sorry you cant play football, but
you are able to do another sport like swimming!"
✔✔What is an important topic of education for a child with an implanted port? -
✔✔Signs and symptoms of infection - fever, redness, tachycardia
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What are the most common cancers in adolescents 15-19? - ✔✔-Brain and CNS
tumors
-lymphoma
-leukemia
-gonadal (testicular and ovarian)
-germ cell tumors
-thyroid cancer
-melanoma
✔✔what tumors happen more frequently in African Americans and Caucasian? - ✔✔AA-
tumor of kidney and soft tissues
C- tumor of bone
✔✔A nursing student sees that a child is receiving a much longer chemo treatment than
an adult and thinks that there is a mistake. Why is the student wrong? - ✔✔Children
need a longer treatment because they have a faster metabolic rate
✔✔Characteristics of normal cells and their definitions. - ✔✔Cell cycle - 5 phases
differentiation - look the same but are actually different (EX: muscle cells- heart muscle
different than skeletal muscle but they are all muscles)
Cell inhibition - Cells contact each other, line up, grow to a certain point and then stop
✔✔Cancer/ malignant cells flourish in what kind of environment? - ✔✔antagonistic
✔✔Characteristics of cancerous/ malignant cells - ✔✔cancer cells don't follow rules of
replication
,Larger and grow more rapidly
bear little resemblance to host cells
uncontrolled replication
✔✔Adult vs. Pediatric Cancers - ✔✔Adults: cancer is often the result of dietary issues or
prolonged exposure to toxins from bad habits --> can be prevented through lifestyle
changes
Children: cancer is usually embryonic or oncogenic (cellular change that allows
unregulated genetic activity and tumor growth) --> lifestyle changes have little effect on
the incidence of childhood cancer
✔✔A child presents to the hospital with an unusual mass/swelling, pallor, fatigue,
unexplained bleeding/bruising/petechiae, persistent localized pain/limping, prolonged
unexplained fever/illness, frequent headaches with vomiting, sudden eye and vision
changes, and excessively rapid weight loss. What is the nurse suspecting the child may
have? - ✔✔cancer
✔✔What diagnostic tests can the nurse anticipate the doctor ordering if cancer is
suspected? - ✔✔LAB: CBC, electrolytes, kidney, liver, and bone marrow function (bone
marrow analysis and biopsy)
Diagnostic procedures: lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, tumor biopsy
Diagnostic imaging: x-ray, CT, MRI, PET scan, MIBG scan (neuroblastoma and soft
tissue tumor suspection)
✔✔Why do we stage cancer? - ✔✔staging describes the extent of the disease locally,
regionally, and systemically and in most tumors guides the therapy
✔✔A nursing student is learning about cancer staging and sees 3 letters that identify
classification. TNM. What do those letters mean? And what do they identify? - ✔✔T-
Tumor
N-Lymph
M-Metastasis
they identify protocol for treatment
✔✔What are the 3 goals of cancer treatment and define them - ✔✔Curative - rid the
child's body of the cancer
Supportive - interventions to assist the body's defenses and increase the child's comfort
, End of life - make the child as comfortable as possible when no curative treatment is
possible
✔✔A group of residents are discussing treatments for a child with cancer. What are all
the methods the nurse could anticipate being ordered? - ✔✔-Surgery
-Chemotherapy
-Radiotherapy (radiation)
-Biotherapy (Biologic response modifiers)
-Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
-End of life care if curative doesn't work
✔✔Why is surgery frequently a part of cancer therapy for children? - ✔✔to obtain a
biopsy
tumor resection (partial or total)
✔✔What other surgical procedures are done as part of cancer therapy? - ✔✔Central
venous catheter or implanted port placement
✔✔A mother is upset her child needs an implanted port (Port-a-cath, infusaport,
mediport, norport) for cancer treatment. What benefits could the nurse tell her about the
implanted port to ease her anxiety? - ✔✔-Reduced risk of infection
-Stable- not easily pulled out since it is placed completely under the skin
-Heparinized monthly and after each infusion to maintain patency and can remain in
place for years
-No limitations on regular physical activity including swimming. Excluding vigorous
contact sports
-Dressing needed only when Huber needle is in place
-only slight change in body appearance
✔✔A child needs an implanted port for cancer treatments. He loves sports and wants to
play football but is devastated when he finds out he can't. What statement by the nurse
would be most appropriate?
"Sorry you can't play football. You are sick and have to rest."
"You are too young for a sport like that. How about you play with your trucks instead"
"I am sorry you cant play football, but you are able to do another sport like swimming!"
"You heard what the doctor said, no sports." - ✔✔"I am sorry you cant play football, but
you are able to do another sport like swimming!"
✔✔What is an important topic of education for a child with an implanted port? -
✔✔Signs and symptoms of infection - fever, redness, tachycardia
