Final CJ 305 Exam Questions with
Complete Answers
How the policies of Allotment, the IRA (AKA the Indian 'new-deal'), and Termination,
both increased and decreased Indian sovereignty: - ANSWER-General Allotment
Act: 3rd Era (1887 - 1928)
Forced enrollment, and the sale or reposition of land
Granted lands to N.A in exchange for taking their lands but prohibited families from
selling the land for 25 years.
Selling of "surplus" land to non indians
- largest reduction of tribal land
IRA (1934):
Created the ability for tribes to adopt a written constitution and elect tribal councils
and leaders
This was the first step into: - creation of tribal courts, N.A law enforcement agencies
and tribal legislative bodies
- gave indian nations the ability to make their own courts, law enforcement, etc
- ended the allotment act
Termination (1954):
Where congress seeked to abolish tribes and relocate American Indians
American Indian tribes will be disbanded and their lands sold
- curtailed who was eligible for tribal nations
3. The Major Crimes Act and how the updated Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
changed the Major Crimes Act: - ANSWER-Major Crimes Act: This places certain
crimes like (murder, manslaughter, rape, arson) under federal jurisdiction if they are
committed by a Native American in Native American territory.
- the federal jurisdiction can if they would like to prosecute members
VAWA: " provides support for work with tribes and their organizations to end
domestic violence, [...] against Native American women"
- VAWA gave money and additional services for domestic violence
- many sexual offenses were not prosecuted so through VAWA it made that possible
1. Articulate why government agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management
(BLM) may be better situated to make decisions regarding sacred sites than the
courts and conversely, why the courts might be better situated to make these
decisions: - ANSWER-BLM:
- agencies can change
, - the land agencies know the people better and they consult with the tribes before
making decisions
Courts:
- law is binding harder to change has precedents
1. argue that the primary goal of the CJS is not to fight harmful crime but to control
and manage the poor - ANSWER-- Collateral consequences affect an individual's
rights by making them ineligible to vote, own a firearm, or even obtain a professional
license these consequences can heavily affect poor individuals because in contrast
to a wealthy person with the right lawyers and money outcomes like these would not
likely occur as often in the life of a wealthy person than a poor one.
- neighborhoods that have a poor income and have a high crime rate have a bigger
focus than than other harmful acts like white collar crime
2. Provide characteristics used to define class in the USA - ANSWER-Social Class:
both objectively and culturally defined
Economic resources: wealth (total net worth) and income (annual salary)
Social resources: ability of groups to exert political influence and cultural authority
Extra notes:
-do you own or rent?
- level of education
- neighborhood (zip code)
3. Provide examples of biases against the poor that exist in each component of the
CJS (e.g. cops, courts, corrections): - ANSWER-Cops:
- increasing patrol in poor areas
Courts:
- harsher punishment depending (x: crack and cocaine)
- BAIL!
Corrections:
- Harsher punishments depending on the crime (ex: probation or parole)
4. Provide examples of the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction: -
ANSWER-- hard to find a job
- can not purchase a firearm
- sentencing enhancements
- taking out loans
- voting
(all of the above varies by state)
1. Identify and explain the three major areas that the poor are exploited in daily life: -
ANSWER-Labor: employers take advantage of being able to pay people less: ex:
undocumented worked and servers!
Complete Answers
How the policies of Allotment, the IRA (AKA the Indian 'new-deal'), and Termination,
both increased and decreased Indian sovereignty: - ANSWER-General Allotment
Act: 3rd Era (1887 - 1928)
Forced enrollment, and the sale or reposition of land
Granted lands to N.A in exchange for taking their lands but prohibited families from
selling the land for 25 years.
Selling of "surplus" land to non indians
- largest reduction of tribal land
IRA (1934):
Created the ability for tribes to adopt a written constitution and elect tribal councils
and leaders
This was the first step into: - creation of tribal courts, N.A law enforcement agencies
and tribal legislative bodies
- gave indian nations the ability to make their own courts, law enforcement, etc
- ended the allotment act
Termination (1954):
Where congress seeked to abolish tribes and relocate American Indians
American Indian tribes will be disbanded and their lands sold
- curtailed who was eligible for tribal nations
3. The Major Crimes Act and how the updated Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
changed the Major Crimes Act: - ANSWER-Major Crimes Act: This places certain
crimes like (murder, manslaughter, rape, arson) under federal jurisdiction if they are
committed by a Native American in Native American territory.
- the federal jurisdiction can if they would like to prosecute members
VAWA: " provides support for work with tribes and their organizations to end
domestic violence, [...] against Native American women"
- VAWA gave money and additional services for domestic violence
- many sexual offenses were not prosecuted so through VAWA it made that possible
1. Articulate why government agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management
(BLM) may be better situated to make decisions regarding sacred sites than the
courts and conversely, why the courts might be better situated to make these
decisions: - ANSWER-BLM:
- agencies can change
, - the land agencies know the people better and they consult with the tribes before
making decisions
Courts:
- law is binding harder to change has precedents
1. argue that the primary goal of the CJS is not to fight harmful crime but to control
and manage the poor - ANSWER-- Collateral consequences affect an individual's
rights by making them ineligible to vote, own a firearm, or even obtain a professional
license these consequences can heavily affect poor individuals because in contrast
to a wealthy person with the right lawyers and money outcomes like these would not
likely occur as often in the life of a wealthy person than a poor one.
- neighborhoods that have a poor income and have a high crime rate have a bigger
focus than than other harmful acts like white collar crime
2. Provide characteristics used to define class in the USA - ANSWER-Social Class:
both objectively and culturally defined
Economic resources: wealth (total net worth) and income (annual salary)
Social resources: ability of groups to exert political influence and cultural authority
Extra notes:
-do you own or rent?
- level of education
- neighborhood (zip code)
3. Provide examples of biases against the poor that exist in each component of the
CJS (e.g. cops, courts, corrections): - ANSWER-Cops:
- increasing patrol in poor areas
Courts:
- harsher punishment depending (x: crack and cocaine)
- BAIL!
Corrections:
- Harsher punishments depending on the crime (ex: probation or parole)
4. Provide examples of the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction: -
ANSWER-- hard to find a job
- can not purchase a firearm
- sentencing enhancements
- taking out loans
- voting
(all of the above varies by state)
1. Identify and explain the three major areas that the poor are exploited in daily life: -
ANSWER-Labor: employers take advantage of being able to pay people less: ex:
undocumented worked and servers!
