AQA GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY
8464/B/2H HIGHER TIER BIOLOGY PAPER
2H 2022 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What is the function of the nucleus?.
Answer: Contains DNA to control the cell
◍ What is the function of the cell membrane?.
Answer: Controls entry and exit of substances
◍ What is the function of the cell wall?.
Answer: Provides structure and support
◍ What is the function of mitochondria?.
Answer: Carry out respiration to release energy
◍ What is the function of ribosomes?.
Answer: Protein synthesis
◍ Gametes.
Answer: Sex cells, sperm and egg. Chromosomes are single not paired. They
are made by meiosis
◍ What is the function of chloroplasts?.
Answer: Carry out photosynthesis
◍ What is the function of a vacuole?.
Answer: Contains cell sap
◍ Define a prokaryote.
Answer: A cell that does not have a nucleus
,◍ Define a eukaryote.
Answer: A cell that has DNA in a nucleus
◍ Name two cell structures that are in a eukaryote but not in a prokaryote.
Answer: Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts
◍ What is a plasmid?.
Answer: A small loop of DNA in bacteria
◍ What is a plant cell wall made from?.
Answer: Cellulose
◍ How is DNA stored in a bacterial cell?.
Answer: As a single, free-floating loop; also on plasmids
◍ Fertilisation.
Answer: The fusion of the male and female gametes(sperm and egg). The
genetic information gets mixed providing variation in the offspring
◍ Asexual reproduction.
Answer: Only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring
(clones). No gametes involved so more energy and time efficient in
favourable conditions. Increases the risk of exctitin
◍ What is differentiation?.
Answer: The process by which cells become specialised
◍ Sexual reproduction.
Answer: 1. Chromosomes are copied2. Cells divide to form 4 daughter
cells3. Chromosomes are single4. Cells are fertilised 5. The cell has
chromosome pairs6. Mitosis occurs to form an embryoIt provides variation
and therfore provides a survival advantage
◍ What is the equation for magnification?.
Answer: Magnification = Image Size ÷ Actual Size
◍ A photograph of a cell is 15mm long. It has a magnification of 1100x. What
is the actual size?.
Answer: 0.0136mm, or 13.6µm
,◍ A cell is 12µm wide. It is magnified by 450 times. How big is the image?.
Answer: 5400µm, or 5.4mm
◍ If the image of a virus is 1.2mm, and its actual size is 0.2µm, how much has
it been magnified by?.
Answer: 6000 times
◍ Convert 38500µm into mm.
Answer: 38.5mm
◍ How many µm are in 1mm?.
Answer: 1000
◍ Write 17400m in standard form.
Answer: 1.74 x 10^4 m
◍ Write 0.0034 in standard form.
Answer: 3.4 x 10^-3
◍ How is a sperm cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has a tail to swim to the egg
◍ How is a nerve cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has a long axon to conduct impulses over long distances
◍ How is a muscle cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It can contract to cause movement
◍ How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has a large surface area to increase osmosis of water
◍ How is a xylem cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has hollow ends to transport water
◍ Malaria reproduction.
Answer: In the human host malaria reproduces asexually. In a mosquito
vector it reproduces sexually.
◍ Fungi reproduction.
, Answer: Releases spores in air or water is asexually or can be sexually.
◍ How is a phloem cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has sieve tubes to transport sugars
◍ What is a stem cell?.
Answer: An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate to become any type
of specialised cell
◍ Where are stem cells most commonly found in animals?.
Answer: In embryos and in bone marrow
◍ Plant reproduction.
Answer: Sexually to produce seeds or asexually using runners or bulb
division.
◍ What is meristem tissue?.
Answer: Plant tissue containing stem cells
◍ When are plant cells able to differentiate?.
Answer: Throughout the whole life of the plant
◍ DNA.
Answer: Determines our inherited structure and is found in chromosomes.
◍ When do most animal cells differentiate?.
Answer: At an early stage of development (as an embryo)
◍ Gene.
Answer: A small section of DNA on a chromosome. Encodes for a different
amino acid and protein. The order of amino acids determines the shape and
function.
◍ Human genome.
Answer: It is the entire genetic material that makes a human. Understanding
it will allow us to search for certain genes linked to disease, understand
inheritance and trace migration patterns.
◍ What is the "resolution" of a microscope?.
8464/B/2H HIGHER TIER BIOLOGY PAPER
2H 2022 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What is the function of the nucleus?.
Answer: Contains DNA to control the cell
◍ What is the function of the cell membrane?.
Answer: Controls entry and exit of substances
◍ What is the function of the cell wall?.
Answer: Provides structure and support
◍ What is the function of mitochondria?.
Answer: Carry out respiration to release energy
◍ What is the function of ribosomes?.
Answer: Protein synthesis
◍ Gametes.
Answer: Sex cells, sperm and egg. Chromosomes are single not paired. They
are made by meiosis
◍ What is the function of chloroplasts?.
Answer: Carry out photosynthesis
◍ What is the function of a vacuole?.
Answer: Contains cell sap
◍ Define a prokaryote.
Answer: A cell that does not have a nucleus
,◍ Define a eukaryote.
Answer: A cell that has DNA in a nucleus
◍ Name two cell structures that are in a eukaryote but not in a prokaryote.
Answer: Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts
◍ What is a plasmid?.
Answer: A small loop of DNA in bacteria
◍ What is a plant cell wall made from?.
Answer: Cellulose
◍ How is DNA stored in a bacterial cell?.
Answer: As a single, free-floating loop; also on plasmids
◍ Fertilisation.
Answer: The fusion of the male and female gametes(sperm and egg). The
genetic information gets mixed providing variation in the offspring
◍ Asexual reproduction.
Answer: Only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring
(clones). No gametes involved so more energy and time efficient in
favourable conditions. Increases the risk of exctitin
◍ What is differentiation?.
Answer: The process by which cells become specialised
◍ Sexual reproduction.
Answer: 1. Chromosomes are copied2. Cells divide to form 4 daughter
cells3. Chromosomes are single4. Cells are fertilised 5. The cell has
chromosome pairs6. Mitosis occurs to form an embryoIt provides variation
and therfore provides a survival advantage
◍ What is the equation for magnification?.
Answer: Magnification = Image Size ÷ Actual Size
◍ A photograph of a cell is 15mm long. It has a magnification of 1100x. What
is the actual size?.
Answer: 0.0136mm, or 13.6µm
,◍ A cell is 12µm wide. It is magnified by 450 times. How big is the image?.
Answer: 5400µm, or 5.4mm
◍ If the image of a virus is 1.2mm, and its actual size is 0.2µm, how much has
it been magnified by?.
Answer: 6000 times
◍ Convert 38500µm into mm.
Answer: 38.5mm
◍ How many µm are in 1mm?.
Answer: 1000
◍ Write 17400m in standard form.
Answer: 1.74 x 10^4 m
◍ Write 0.0034 in standard form.
Answer: 3.4 x 10^-3
◍ How is a sperm cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has a tail to swim to the egg
◍ How is a nerve cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has a long axon to conduct impulses over long distances
◍ How is a muscle cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It can contract to cause movement
◍ How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has a large surface area to increase osmosis of water
◍ How is a xylem cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has hollow ends to transport water
◍ Malaria reproduction.
Answer: In the human host malaria reproduces asexually. In a mosquito
vector it reproduces sexually.
◍ Fungi reproduction.
, Answer: Releases spores in air or water is asexually or can be sexually.
◍ How is a phloem cell adapted for its function?.
Answer: It has sieve tubes to transport sugars
◍ What is a stem cell?.
Answer: An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate to become any type
of specialised cell
◍ Where are stem cells most commonly found in animals?.
Answer: In embryos and in bone marrow
◍ Plant reproduction.
Answer: Sexually to produce seeds or asexually using runners or bulb
division.
◍ What is meristem tissue?.
Answer: Plant tissue containing stem cells
◍ When are plant cells able to differentiate?.
Answer: Throughout the whole life of the plant
◍ DNA.
Answer: Determines our inherited structure and is found in chromosomes.
◍ When do most animal cells differentiate?.
Answer: At an early stage of development (as an embryo)
◍ Gene.
Answer: A small section of DNA on a chromosome. Encodes for a different
amino acid and protein. The order of amino acids determines the shape and
function.
◍ Human genome.
Answer: It is the entire genetic material that makes a human. Understanding
it will allow us to search for certain genes linked to disease, understand
inheritance and trace migration patterns.
◍ What is the "resolution" of a microscope?.
