AQA GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY
8464/B/1H BIOLOGY PAPER 1H PAPER
& MARK SCHEME CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Drug testing - Stage 2.
Answer: Drugs are tested on live animals - at least two different
mammalsTests for efficacy (whether it works), toxicity (how harmful it is)
and to determine the right dosage
◍ What surrounds the alveoli?.
Answer: Lots of blood capillaries
◍ How do viruses make you ill?.
Answer: They invade healthy cells and replicate inside them. The cells will
burst and release all the copies of the virus
◍ Epidermal tissue.
Answer: Covers the whole plant
◍ Eg of pathogens.
Answer: Virus bacteria fungi Protist
◍ How does humidity affect transpiration?.
Answer: The drier the air around a leaf, the faster the rateHumid air contains
lots of water, so the lower the humidity, the faster diffusion will take place
◍ The stomach as a defence.
Answer: Produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens that make it
farther than the mouth
,◍ What are playlets important for.
Answer: Cloting
◍ What is DNA?.
Answer: Genetic material
◍ How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat cancer?.
Answer: They're attached to an anti-cancer drug which is given to the patient
via a drip. The antibodies target the specific cancer cells as they only bind to
tumour markers. The cancer cells are killed but the normal body cells are
left untouched
◍ Why do viruses make you feel ill.
Answer: When they reproduce they cause big cell death
◍ What are undifferentiated cells called?.
Answer: Stem cells
◍ What's a bad thing about making stem cells.
Answer: Human embryos will be created and destroyed
◍ Give two ways that the villi in the small intestine are adapted for absorbing
digested food.
Answer: 1) A single layer of surface cells2) A very good blood supply to
assist quick absorption
◍ What are nitrates needed for?.
Answer: To make proteins, which are needed for growth
◍ Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
Answer: Virus that affects many species of plants e.g. tomatoesSymptoms: a
mosaic pattern on the leaves - parts of the leaves become discolouredThe
discolouration prevents the plant from photosynthesising as well, thus the
virus affects growth
◍ What is anaerobic respiration?.
Answer: without oxygen- glucose-energy+lactic acid. Less energy than
aerobic.
,◍ What do bacterial cells NOT contain?.
Answer: A nucleus
◍ What is a cell membrane important for.
Answer: Determines what goes in and out of the cell
◍ Investigating reaction time- why do you have to repeat.
Answer: So you can calculate the mean, range of results, resolution of
measurements
◍ Fungi.
Answer: Some fungi are single-celledOther fungi have a body which is
made up of hyphae - these grow & penetrate human skin & the surface of
plantsHyphae can produce spores - can spread to other plants & animals
◍ Measles- type of pathogen, spread, implications and damage.
Answer: Virus, spread by liquid droplets in air or surfaces, implications-
coughing sneezing red eyes high temp nasty rash, little damage because of
mmr vaccines
◍ TMV - type of pathogen, spread, implications and damage.
Answer: Virus, spread from plant to plant through direct contact,
implications- reduced level of chlorophyll, meaning reduced photosynthesis.
Damage lower yeild
◍ What are chromosomes?.
Answer: Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that are found in the nuclei
◍ Examples of active transport.
Answer: Plants = Root hairs absorb minerals and water. Each branch of a
root will be covered in tiny hairs, therefore increasing the surface area for
the absorption of minerals and water. The concentration of minerals is
usually higher in the root hair cells than in the soil around them, therefore
they can't use diffusion for this process.Animals = Glucose is taken in from
the gut and from kidney tubules.
◍ Using glucose in plants - respiration.
, Answer: Transfers energy from glucose which enables the plant to convert
the rest of the glucose into various other useful substances
◍ Photosynthesis word equation.
Answer: carbon dioxide + water --> glucose and oxygen
◍ How to test for protein.
Answer: Add biuret. Turns purple
◍ What does protease break down.
Answer: Proteins into amino acids made in stomach pancreas and small
intestine works in stomach and small intestine
◍ Exposure to radiation as a risk factor.
Answer: Cancer can be caused by exposure to ionising radiation, a
carcinogen (something that causes cancer)
◍ What is a cell wall important for.
Answer: Structure
◍ Explain cycle of blood in the heart.
Answer: Gets pumped into the vena cava into the right atrium through to the
right ventrical up to the lungs via the pulmonary artery back into heart via
the pulmenary vein into left atrium to left ventricle pumped to rest of body
via aurta If u wanna check it goes VAVAVAVA 8 VA
◍ How does the heart pump blood around the body?.
Answer: Blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava (right atrium)
and the pulmonary vein (left atrium). The atria contract, pushing the blood
into the ventricles through valves. The ventricles contract and force the
blood through more valves into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and
the aorta (left ventricle) and out of the heart
◍ What is muscle fatigue?.
Answer: When over long periods of exercise, the muscles get tired & stop
contracting efficiently
◍ Examples of tissues.
8464/B/1H BIOLOGY PAPER 1H PAPER
& MARK SCHEME CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Drug testing - Stage 2.
Answer: Drugs are tested on live animals - at least two different
mammalsTests for efficacy (whether it works), toxicity (how harmful it is)
and to determine the right dosage
◍ What surrounds the alveoli?.
Answer: Lots of blood capillaries
◍ How do viruses make you ill?.
Answer: They invade healthy cells and replicate inside them. The cells will
burst and release all the copies of the virus
◍ Epidermal tissue.
Answer: Covers the whole plant
◍ Eg of pathogens.
Answer: Virus bacteria fungi Protist
◍ How does humidity affect transpiration?.
Answer: The drier the air around a leaf, the faster the rateHumid air contains
lots of water, so the lower the humidity, the faster diffusion will take place
◍ The stomach as a defence.
Answer: Produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens that make it
farther than the mouth
,◍ What are playlets important for.
Answer: Cloting
◍ What is DNA?.
Answer: Genetic material
◍ How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat cancer?.
Answer: They're attached to an anti-cancer drug which is given to the patient
via a drip. The antibodies target the specific cancer cells as they only bind to
tumour markers. The cancer cells are killed but the normal body cells are
left untouched
◍ Why do viruses make you feel ill.
Answer: When they reproduce they cause big cell death
◍ What are undifferentiated cells called?.
Answer: Stem cells
◍ What's a bad thing about making stem cells.
Answer: Human embryos will be created and destroyed
◍ Give two ways that the villi in the small intestine are adapted for absorbing
digested food.
Answer: 1) A single layer of surface cells2) A very good blood supply to
assist quick absorption
◍ What are nitrates needed for?.
Answer: To make proteins, which are needed for growth
◍ Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
Answer: Virus that affects many species of plants e.g. tomatoesSymptoms: a
mosaic pattern on the leaves - parts of the leaves become discolouredThe
discolouration prevents the plant from photosynthesising as well, thus the
virus affects growth
◍ What is anaerobic respiration?.
Answer: without oxygen- glucose-energy+lactic acid. Less energy than
aerobic.
,◍ What do bacterial cells NOT contain?.
Answer: A nucleus
◍ What is a cell membrane important for.
Answer: Determines what goes in and out of the cell
◍ Investigating reaction time- why do you have to repeat.
Answer: So you can calculate the mean, range of results, resolution of
measurements
◍ Fungi.
Answer: Some fungi are single-celledOther fungi have a body which is
made up of hyphae - these grow & penetrate human skin & the surface of
plantsHyphae can produce spores - can spread to other plants & animals
◍ Measles- type of pathogen, spread, implications and damage.
Answer: Virus, spread by liquid droplets in air or surfaces, implications-
coughing sneezing red eyes high temp nasty rash, little damage because of
mmr vaccines
◍ TMV - type of pathogen, spread, implications and damage.
Answer: Virus, spread from plant to plant through direct contact,
implications- reduced level of chlorophyll, meaning reduced photosynthesis.
Damage lower yeild
◍ What are chromosomes?.
Answer: Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that are found in the nuclei
◍ Examples of active transport.
Answer: Plants = Root hairs absorb minerals and water. Each branch of a
root will be covered in tiny hairs, therefore increasing the surface area for
the absorption of minerals and water. The concentration of minerals is
usually higher in the root hair cells than in the soil around them, therefore
they can't use diffusion for this process.Animals = Glucose is taken in from
the gut and from kidney tubules.
◍ Using glucose in plants - respiration.
, Answer: Transfers energy from glucose which enables the plant to convert
the rest of the glucose into various other useful substances
◍ Photosynthesis word equation.
Answer: carbon dioxide + water --> glucose and oxygen
◍ How to test for protein.
Answer: Add biuret. Turns purple
◍ What does protease break down.
Answer: Proteins into amino acids made in stomach pancreas and small
intestine works in stomach and small intestine
◍ Exposure to radiation as a risk factor.
Answer: Cancer can be caused by exposure to ionising radiation, a
carcinogen (something that causes cancer)
◍ What is a cell wall important for.
Answer: Structure
◍ Explain cycle of blood in the heart.
Answer: Gets pumped into the vena cava into the right atrium through to the
right ventrical up to the lungs via the pulmonary artery back into heart via
the pulmenary vein into left atrium to left ventricle pumped to rest of body
via aurta If u wanna check it goes VAVAVAVA 8 VA
◍ How does the heart pump blood around the body?.
Answer: Blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava (right atrium)
and the pulmonary vein (left atrium). The atria contract, pushing the blood
into the ventricles through valves. The ventricles contract and force the
blood through more valves into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and
the aorta (left ventricle) and out of the heart
◍ What is muscle fatigue?.
Answer: When over long periods of exercise, the muscles get tired & stop
contracting efficiently
◍ Examples of tissues.
