1
NR 325 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
LATEST EDITION 2025-2026.
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS.
GRADED A
"PING PONG" EFFECT - ANS treatment
re-exposure
reinfection
ACUTE LIVER FAILURE - MOST COMMON CAUSE - ANSdrugs and
alcohol
i.e. acetaminophen (Tylenol) in combination with alcohol
ACUTE PANCREATITIS - NURSING ACTION - ANSpatients with acute
pancreatitis have an increased risk for hypocalcemia
nurse should monitor patient's calcium level
positive Trousseau's/Chvostek's sign should be reported to HCP
immediately
1
, 2
ACUTE PANCREATITIS VS. CHRONIC PANCREATITIS - ANSChronic
damage to the pancreas causes a deficiency of digestive enzymes and
insulin
results in malabsorption and diabetes mellitus
ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY - ANSFNA
is performed in outpatient settings
results are available within 24-48 hours
no incision required
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) - ANS*Expected Reference
Range*
4-36 U/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevation occurs with hepatitis or cirrhosis
ALBUMIN - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
3.5 - 5.0 g/dL
*Interpretation of Findings*
decrease can indicate hepatic disease
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
2
, 3
30-120 U/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevation indicates liver damage
ALND - ANSaxillary lymph node dissection
ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP) - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
less than 40 mcg/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevated in liver cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis
AMMONIA - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
10 - 80 mcg/dL
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevated in liver disease
AMYLASE - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
30-220 U/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevation occurs with pancreatitis
Anti-HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP A -
ANSindicates previous infection or immunization
3
, 4
not routinely done in clinical practice
Memory tip: "G" = infection gone
Anti-HAV Immunoglobulin M (IgM) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST for HEP A -
ANSindicates acute infection
Anti-HBc (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen) IgM - DIAGNOSTIC TEST
FOR HEP B - ANSIndicates acute infection
Does not appear after vaccination
Anti-HBc IgG - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP B - ANSIndicates previous
infection or ongoing infection with hepatitis B
Does not appear after vaccination
Anti-HBe (hepatitis B e antibody) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP B -
ANSIndicates previous infection
In chronic hepatitis B, indicates a low viral load and low degree of infectivity
Anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP B -
ANSIndicates previous infection with HBV or *immunization*
4
NR 325 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
LATEST EDITION 2025-2026.
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS.
GRADED A
"PING PONG" EFFECT - ANS treatment
re-exposure
reinfection
ACUTE LIVER FAILURE - MOST COMMON CAUSE - ANSdrugs and
alcohol
i.e. acetaminophen (Tylenol) in combination with alcohol
ACUTE PANCREATITIS - NURSING ACTION - ANSpatients with acute
pancreatitis have an increased risk for hypocalcemia
nurse should monitor patient's calcium level
positive Trousseau's/Chvostek's sign should be reported to HCP
immediately
1
, 2
ACUTE PANCREATITIS VS. CHRONIC PANCREATITIS - ANSChronic
damage to the pancreas causes a deficiency of digestive enzymes and
insulin
results in malabsorption and diabetes mellitus
ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY - ANSFNA
is performed in outpatient settings
results are available within 24-48 hours
no incision required
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) - ANS*Expected Reference
Range*
4-36 U/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevation occurs with hepatitis or cirrhosis
ALBUMIN - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
3.5 - 5.0 g/dL
*Interpretation of Findings*
decrease can indicate hepatic disease
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
2
, 3
30-120 U/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevation indicates liver damage
ALND - ANSaxillary lymph node dissection
ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP) - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
less than 40 mcg/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevated in liver cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis
AMMONIA - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
10 - 80 mcg/dL
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevated in liver disease
AMYLASE - ANS*Expected Reference Range*
30-220 U/L
*Interpretation of Findings*
elevation occurs with pancreatitis
Anti-HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP A -
ANSindicates previous infection or immunization
3
, 4
not routinely done in clinical practice
Memory tip: "G" = infection gone
Anti-HAV Immunoglobulin M (IgM) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST for HEP A -
ANSindicates acute infection
Anti-HBc (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen) IgM - DIAGNOSTIC TEST
FOR HEP B - ANSIndicates acute infection
Does not appear after vaccination
Anti-HBc IgG - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP B - ANSIndicates previous
infection or ongoing infection with hepatitis B
Does not appear after vaccination
Anti-HBe (hepatitis B e antibody) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP B -
ANSIndicates previous infection
In chronic hepatitis B, indicates a low viral load and low degree of infectivity
Anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) - DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEP B -
ANSIndicates previous infection with HBV or *immunization*
4
