EXAM 2026 COMPLETE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
What does the nucleoid contain in prokaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-
contains bacterial chromosomes and proteins and the genome
what are metabolites? - CORRECT ANSWER-host of small organic molecules
that permit cell to survive
what is a metabolome in prokaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-collection of
metabolites in cell
What is different about plants compared to other eukaryotes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-plants contain vacuoles, chloroplasts, cell wall
What is a vacuole? - CORRECT ANSWER-storage centers that replaces the
lysosome
What are chloroplasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-converts sunlight to chemical
energy, similar to mitochondria
, What is a cell wall? - CORRECT ANSWER-located outside cell membrane for
protection, exists in plants/fungi/algae
what are organelles in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-structures with
specialized functions that are separated by double membrane
what is the cytoskeleton in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-found inside
cell as network of proteins for shape and stability
what is the nuclear envelope in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-separates
rest of cell from chromosomes and contains proteins that permit essential
ions and molecules to pass through
what does rough ER do in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesize and
process proteins
what does smooth ER do in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesizes
lipids for plasma membrane and stores calcium ions that act as signaling
molecules
What does the Golgi apparatus do in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
packages and ships proteins
What does the perixosome do in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER-
oxidation and degradation through enzymes that detoxify dangerous
molecules