MDC 2/ MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE II
EXAM 1 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWER 100% ACCURATE
NUR2392
What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development?
1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progression
4. Metastasis
What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell growth?
normal cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Malignant Transformation)
this is irreversible
What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth?
-repeat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growth which leads to mutation
-enhanced cell growth of cells by promotors (like hormones primarily estrogen)
-period between initiation and growth into a tumor is called a latency period
What happens during the progression stage of cancer cell growth?
-An increase in the production of malignant cells
-after a tumor reach 1 cm, it already has 1 billion cells
-when it builds its own blood supply it becomes a health problem
What happens during the Metastasis stage of cancer cell growth?
-movement of cells from the primary site and establishing remote colonies
A nurse is providing client and family education regarding common problems associated with a cancer
diagnosis. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding?
"I am at an increased risk of developing an infection."
A nurse is providing client and family education. Which of the following examples would indicate the
client's and family's understanding of primary cancer prevention?
, Removal of at-risk tissues
A nurse is triaging an 18-year-old female client admitted for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the
past three days. Upon assessment, the nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 130 beats/minute,
blood pressure is 96/50 mmg, respiratory rate is 26 breaths/minute, and serum sodium level is 155
mE/L. Which is the most appropriate fluid replacement for this client?
0.33% Sodium Chloride
A tumor is staged as T4, N2, Mo. What does this mean?
A large primary tumor with extension into two lymph nodes and no distant metastasis
Clients diagnosed with cancer who have exhausted all treatment options with less than 6 months to
live are good candidates for which of the following?
Hospice care
The provider wants to administer a hypotonic solution to the client. Which of the following
concentrations is a hypotonic solution?
0.45% Sodium Chloride
A nurse is caring for a client who has Stage IV lung cancer and was prescribed opioid medications for
pain management. The client is unable to engage in most physical activity. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse anticipate?
Impaction
A nurse is assessing a group of clients for hospice services. The nurse should recommend hospice care
for which of the following clients?
A client who has terminal cancer and needs assistance with pain management
A nurse is assessing the respiratory pattern of an older adult client who is receiving end-of-life care.
Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
Breathing ranging from very deep to very shallow with periods of apnea
A nurse provides a back massage as a comfort measure to a client who is unconscious, grimacing, and
restless. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indicating a therapeutic
response? Select all that apply.
The facial muscles relax
The pulse is within the expected range
A nurse is teaching a patient about cancer prevention and early detection. Which of the following
statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
If I avoid all risk factors, I won't get cancer."
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. Which nursing interventions are appropriate
to manage common side effects of chemotherapy?
EXAM 1 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWER 100% ACCURATE
NUR2392
What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development?
1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progression
4. Metastasis
What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell growth?
normal cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Malignant Transformation)
this is irreversible
What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth?
-repeat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growth which leads to mutation
-enhanced cell growth of cells by promotors (like hormones primarily estrogen)
-period between initiation and growth into a tumor is called a latency period
What happens during the progression stage of cancer cell growth?
-An increase in the production of malignant cells
-after a tumor reach 1 cm, it already has 1 billion cells
-when it builds its own blood supply it becomes a health problem
What happens during the Metastasis stage of cancer cell growth?
-movement of cells from the primary site and establishing remote colonies
A nurse is providing client and family education regarding common problems associated with a cancer
diagnosis. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding?
"I am at an increased risk of developing an infection."
A nurse is providing client and family education. Which of the following examples would indicate the
client's and family's understanding of primary cancer prevention?
, Removal of at-risk tissues
A nurse is triaging an 18-year-old female client admitted for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the
past three days. Upon assessment, the nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 130 beats/minute,
blood pressure is 96/50 mmg, respiratory rate is 26 breaths/minute, and serum sodium level is 155
mE/L. Which is the most appropriate fluid replacement for this client?
0.33% Sodium Chloride
A tumor is staged as T4, N2, Mo. What does this mean?
A large primary tumor with extension into two lymph nodes and no distant metastasis
Clients diagnosed with cancer who have exhausted all treatment options with less than 6 months to
live are good candidates for which of the following?
Hospice care
The provider wants to administer a hypotonic solution to the client. Which of the following
concentrations is a hypotonic solution?
0.45% Sodium Chloride
A nurse is caring for a client who has Stage IV lung cancer and was prescribed opioid medications for
pain management. The client is unable to engage in most physical activity. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse anticipate?
Impaction
A nurse is assessing a group of clients for hospice services. The nurse should recommend hospice care
for which of the following clients?
A client who has terminal cancer and needs assistance with pain management
A nurse is assessing the respiratory pattern of an older adult client who is receiving end-of-life care.
Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
Breathing ranging from very deep to very shallow with periods of apnea
A nurse provides a back massage as a comfort measure to a client who is unconscious, grimacing, and
restless. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indicating a therapeutic
response? Select all that apply.
The facial muscles relax
The pulse is within the expected range
A nurse is teaching a patient about cancer prevention and early detection. Which of the following
statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
If I avoid all risk factors, I won't get cancer."
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. Which nursing interventions are appropriate
to manage common side effects of chemotherapy?
