ALU 301 CORRECT EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What is the leading cause of death in AIDS? - ✔✔bacterial infections
✔✔What is the usual confirmatory test performed after a positive or indeterminate
ELISA? - ✔✔Western blot serology test
✔✔The best indicator of the heart's left ventricular function is the:
1. heart rate
2. ejection fraction
3. septal wall thickness
4. left posterior wall thickness - ✔✔2. ejection fraction
✔✔On a stress test, ST-segment changes that are likely related to coronary artery
disease include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. ST depression persisting longer than one minute into the recovery phas
2. ST depression at peak exercise greater than 1.5 mm
3. ST changes occurring in multiple EKG leads
4. ST changes occurring at a high heart rate later in the test - ✔✔4. ST changes
occurring at a high heart rate later in the test
✔✔All of the following are parts of a cardiac catherization procedure EXCEPT:
1. Doppler flow evaluation
2. left ventriculogram
3. intracardiac pressure measurement
4. coronary arteriography - ✔✔1. Doppler flow evaluation
✔✔Which of the following statements regarding troponins is/are correct?
A. They are normally present in only trace quantities in the blood
B. they are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers for myocardial damage.
C. They are elevated only when other biomarkers are elevated - ✔✔A. They are
normally present in only trace quantities in the blood
,B. They are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers for fmyocardial damage
✔✔Abnormal responses to the stress test that are indicative of heart disease: -
✔✔Reduced exercise capacity, Changes in blood pressure (failure of systolic to rise
during exercise, certain changes in heart rate (excessive tachycardia, atrial and
ventricular arrhythmias), unusual anginal pain, sob, faintness, dizziness
lightheadedness, confusion, leg pain, claudication
✔✔What are the values and limitations of using MRI for cardiac testing? - ✔✔Values-
can visualize the heart and large vessels in abdomen and chest. Can find-aortic
aneurysms, lesions in the aorta and other large arteries, congenital abnormalities, chest
tumors, pericardial diseases, and old MI
Limitations-to only those who do not have pacemakers, metallic objects, implants or
certain prosthetics
✔✔Define the normal range for the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)
obtained during cardiac catherization and describe the significance of an elevated
reading. - ✔✔Normal range-4-12 mmHg
Elevation-indicates abnormal ventricular unction 2nd to some cardiovascular impairment
✔✔Identify the system of the heart that is studied during an electrophysiology procedure
(EP) and list several disorders that could be evaluated with EP. - ✔✔ventricular
arrhythmias, conduction system
atrial vs ventricular rhythms, AV blocks, bypass tracts, syncope symptoms, and sick
sinus syndrome
✔✔Which cardiac impairments are better suited to evaluation with transesophageal
echocardiography (TEE) than with standard echocardiography? - ✔✔those involving
atrial abnormalities - atrial or ventricular septal defects, complex valvular heart disease,
endocarditis, atrial enlargement with suspected atrial blood clots, intracardiac tumors
✔✔Laboratory evaluation in acute coronary syndromes: - ✔✔Troponins, CPK-creatinine
phosphokinase, AST-aspartate aminotransferase LDH-lactic acid dehydrogenase
✔✔Holter Monitor - ✔✔records EKG patterns of an ambulatory patient over 24 hr
period. Used to evaluate malignant arrhythmias, or heart blocks
✔✔Which cardiac test does not measure ejection fraction? - ✔✔Holter Monitor
✔✔Heart catherization report will describe wall motion similar to that of an echo -
✔✔normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, dyskinetic, aneurysmal
✔✔The T-wave on the EKG represents:
1. atrial depolarization
, 2. atrial contraction
3. ventricular repolarization
4. ventricular depolarization - ✔✔3. ventricular depolarization
✔✔All of the following atrial arrhythmias result from an impulse that originates from
outside of or at the SA node EXCEPT:
1. premature junctional contractions
2. premature atrial contractions
3. atrial tachycardia
4. wandering atrial pacemaker - ✔✔1. premature junctional contractions
✔✔Which of the following are considered heart blocks:
A. Mobitz type I
B. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
C. sinus arrest - ✔✔A. Mobitz type I
C. Sinus arrest
✔✔Complications associated with atrial fibrillation include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. embolic stroke
2. ischemia
3. mitral insufficiency
4. congestive heart failure - ✔✔3. mitral insufficiency
✔✔All of the following statements regarding myocardial ischemia are correct EXCEPT:
1. It is a temporary reversible reduction in blood supply to the heart muscle
2. It induces T-wave changes on the EKG
3. It is represented by a significant Q wave on the EKG
4. It is the earliest sign of reduced coronary blood flow - ✔✔3. It is represented by a
significant Q wave on the EKG
✔✔The primary EKG indicator of a previous myocardial infarction is the appearance of:
1. prolonged QRS duration
2. significant T-wave inversions
3. third-degree AV block
4. significant Q wave - ✔✔4. significant Q waves
✔✔Describe the electrophysiology of the heart. - ✔✔all cells have an electrical potential
voltage across their membranes. the only way that this membrane potential can change,
so that muscle contraction can occur, is for the electrical charges to move across the
cell membrane causing the movement of ions through the membrane
✔✔Describe how to determine if the axis of an electrocardiogram is normal. - ✔✔If both
leads are positive (upright) the the axis is normal. If lead I is positive and aVF is
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What is the leading cause of death in AIDS? - ✔✔bacterial infections
✔✔What is the usual confirmatory test performed after a positive or indeterminate
ELISA? - ✔✔Western blot serology test
✔✔The best indicator of the heart's left ventricular function is the:
1. heart rate
2. ejection fraction
3. septal wall thickness
4. left posterior wall thickness - ✔✔2. ejection fraction
✔✔On a stress test, ST-segment changes that are likely related to coronary artery
disease include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. ST depression persisting longer than one minute into the recovery phas
2. ST depression at peak exercise greater than 1.5 mm
3. ST changes occurring in multiple EKG leads
4. ST changes occurring at a high heart rate later in the test - ✔✔4. ST changes
occurring at a high heart rate later in the test
✔✔All of the following are parts of a cardiac catherization procedure EXCEPT:
1. Doppler flow evaluation
2. left ventriculogram
3. intracardiac pressure measurement
4. coronary arteriography - ✔✔1. Doppler flow evaluation
✔✔Which of the following statements regarding troponins is/are correct?
A. They are normally present in only trace quantities in the blood
B. they are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers for myocardial damage.
C. They are elevated only when other biomarkers are elevated - ✔✔A. They are
normally present in only trace quantities in the blood
,B. They are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers for fmyocardial damage
✔✔Abnormal responses to the stress test that are indicative of heart disease: -
✔✔Reduced exercise capacity, Changes in blood pressure (failure of systolic to rise
during exercise, certain changes in heart rate (excessive tachycardia, atrial and
ventricular arrhythmias), unusual anginal pain, sob, faintness, dizziness
lightheadedness, confusion, leg pain, claudication
✔✔What are the values and limitations of using MRI for cardiac testing? - ✔✔Values-
can visualize the heart and large vessels in abdomen and chest. Can find-aortic
aneurysms, lesions in the aorta and other large arteries, congenital abnormalities, chest
tumors, pericardial diseases, and old MI
Limitations-to only those who do not have pacemakers, metallic objects, implants or
certain prosthetics
✔✔Define the normal range for the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)
obtained during cardiac catherization and describe the significance of an elevated
reading. - ✔✔Normal range-4-12 mmHg
Elevation-indicates abnormal ventricular unction 2nd to some cardiovascular impairment
✔✔Identify the system of the heart that is studied during an electrophysiology procedure
(EP) and list several disorders that could be evaluated with EP. - ✔✔ventricular
arrhythmias, conduction system
atrial vs ventricular rhythms, AV blocks, bypass tracts, syncope symptoms, and sick
sinus syndrome
✔✔Which cardiac impairments are better suited to evaluation with transesophageal
echocardiography (TEE) than with standard echocardiography? - ✔✔those involving
atrial abnormalities - atrial or ventricular septal defects, complex valvular heart disease,
endocarditis, atrial enlargement with suspected atrial blood clots, intracardiac tumors
✔✔Laboratory evaluation in acute coronary syndromes: - ✔✔Troponins, CPK-creatinine
phosphokinase, AST-aspartate aminotransferase LDH-lactic acid dehydrogenase
✔✔Holter Monitor - ✔✔records EKG patterns of an ambulatory patient over 24 hr
period. Used to evaluate malignant arrhythmias, or heart blocks
✔✔Which cardiac test does not measure ejection fraction? - ✔✔Holter Monitor
✔✔Heart catherization report will describe wall motion similar to that of an echo -
✔✔normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, dyskinetic, aneurysmal
✔✔The T-wave on the EKG represents:
1. atrial depolarization
, 2. atrial contraction
3. ventricular repolarization
4. ventricular depolarization - ✔✔3. ventricular depolarization
✔✔All of the following atrial arrhythmias result from an impulse that originates from
outside of or at the SA node EXCEPT:
1. premature junctional contractions
2. premature atrial contractions
3. atrial tachycardia
4. wandering atrial pacemaker - ✔✔1. premature junctional contractions
✔✔Which of the following are considered heart blocks:
A. Mobitz type I
B. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
C. sinus arrest - ✔✔A. Mobitz type I
C. Sinus arrest
✔✔Complications associated with atrial fibrillation include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. embolic stroke
2. ischemia
3. mitral insufficiency
4. congestive heart failure - ✔✔3. mitral insufficiency
✔✔All of the following statements regarding myocardial ischemia are correct EXCEPT:
1. It is a temporary reversible reduction in blood supply to the heart muscle
2. It induces T-wave changes on the EKG
3. It is represented by a significant Q wave on the EKG
4. It is the earliest sign of reduced coronary blood flow - ✔✔3. It is represented by a
significant Q wave on the EKG
✔✔The primary EKG indicator of a previous myocardial infarction is the appearance of:
1. prolonged QRS duration
2. significant T-wave inversions
3. third-degree AV block
4. significant Q wave - ✔✔4. significant Q waves
✔✔Describe the electrophysiology of the heart. - ✔✔all cells have an electrical potential
voltage across their membranes. the only way that this membrane potential can change,
so that muscle contraction can occur, is for the electrical charges to move across the
cell membrane causing the movement of ions through the membrane
✔✔Describe how to determine if the axis of an electrocardiogram is normal. - ✔✔If both
leads are positive (upright) the the axis is normal. If lead I is positive and aVF is
