NWCA MEDICAL ASSISTANT EVALUATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Nose Injuries - ✔✔Children often put small objects up their noses that can swell or
become lodged. The
airway can also be obstructed. A physician must remove the object.
✔✔Earthquake Preparedness - ✔✔map active faults and areas likely to liquefy from
shaking
develop construction codes to reduce building failures
regulate land use to control development in hazard areas
✔✔fire preparedness - ✔✔1. Do not obstruct fire doors and shutters.
2. Do not block or obstruct the path to a fire extinguisher.
3. Never prop open emergency doors. Fire doors keep fire from spreading.
4. Keep a proper clearance available below fire sprinkler heads at all times.
5. Be wise about the use of electrical cords. Be certain you are not creating a tripping
hazard by making sure they are not running across doorways or walkways.
✔✔Flood - ✔✔Avoid walking or driving through flood waters
Just 6 inches of moving water can knock you down, and 2 feet of water can sweep your
vehicle away
If there is a chance of flash flooding move immediately to higher ground
✔✔Hurricane Preparedness - ✔✔Get to shelter to shield yourself from winds, get to
high ground if around water to prevent drowning.
✔✔Liver - ✔✔This large organ removes toxins from the blood and helps turn food into
fuel and nutrients
,✔✔Gallbladder - ✔✔This pear-shaped organ located under the liver, connects via small
ducts, and stores bile formed by the liver
✔✔Pancreas - ✔✔This soft, oblong gland is located behind the stomach. It secretes
pancreatic juices to aid digestion it secretes into the pancreatic duct into the bile duct
and into the duodenum
✔✔Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System - ✔✔major physiological process that
occur is motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption. The tract also serves as an
important organ for excretion of substances. it stores and excretes waste substances
from ingested food materials and excretes products from the liver such as cholesterol,
steroids, and drug metabolites. It is also important to understand that several organs
outside of the stomach-intestines continuum assist in the breakdown of food.
✔✔Upper Gl Tract - ✔✔Oral cavity: The upper Gl tract includes the structures of the oral
cavity including the lips, soft and hard palate, uvula, tongue, soft tissues, dental arches,
teeth primary and permanent dentition), and salivary glands secreting saliva
Pharynx: The pharynx is the passageway for both respiration and digestion. It plays a
role in deglutition, or swallowing. The epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea so
that food and liquids from moving into the airway
* Esophagus: This is a long muscular tube that serves as a passage way from the
pharynx to the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter serves as a gateway between
the esophagus and stomach and relaxes during swallowing so that food can enter the
stomach
Stomach: This sac-like organ receives food stuffs from the esophagus for digestion
✔✔Lower Gl Tract - ✔✔Small intestine: This long tube extends from the pyloric
sphincter of the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into the duodenum, the
jejunum, and the ileum
Large intestine: This tube extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus. The
major divisions are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
✔✔Aphthous ulcers - ✔✔These are also called canker sores or mouth ulcers. They are
gray-white pits with a red border in the mouth tissue often associated with stress,
certain types of foods, or fever
✔✔Cheilosis - ✔✔This a disorder of the lips. Crack-like sores appear at the corners of
the mouth
,✔✔Herpes labialis - ✔✔blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are
caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or
fever blisters
✔✔Oral thrush - ✔✔This is a fungal infection of the oral area causing symptoms of
creamy white lesions on the tongue or inner cheeks most commonly in infants, older
adults with weakened immune systems, or those taking a lot of antibiotics
✔✔Xerostomia - ✔✔Dryness of the mouth caused by reduction of saliva
✔✔Cleft palate - ✔✔This condition results from a failure of the palate to close during the
early development of the fetus creating an opening that may involve the upper lip, hard
palate, and/or soft palate
✔✔Bruxism - ✔✔This refers to involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth usually
occurring during sleep. It is often associated with stress
✔✔Dental caries - ✔✔This is commonly known as tooth decay or a cavity. It refers to an
infectious disease caused by bacterial that destroys the dentin and enamel of the tooth
✔✔Dental plaque - ✔✔This refers to soft deposits in areas of the teeth near the gums
and between the teeth. It consists of bacteria and bacteria by-products and leads to
dental caries
✔✔Halitosis - ✔✔This is commonly referred to as bad breath and refers to an
unpleasant odor in the mouth. It is commonly caused by dental diseases or a respiratory
or gastric disorder
✔✔Periodontal disease - ✔✔This condition is commonly called periodontitis and refers
to an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth eventually involving the gums
and bones
✔✔Gingivitis - ✔✔This is the earliest stage of periodontal disease and refers to an
inflammation of the gums
✔✔Dysphagia - ✔✔Dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing
✔✔Eosinophilic esophagitis - ✔✔This is a chronic immune system disease where
eosinophils (one type of white blood cell) builds up in the esophagus. It is a result of an
allergy to certain foods
✔✔GERD - ✔✔refers to gastroesophageal reflux disease. This is the upward flow of
acid from the stomach into the esophagus
, ✔✔Esophageal structure - ✔✔This results from scar tissue or other damage of the
esophagus causing swallowing difficulties
✔✔Pyrosis - ✔✔This is commonly called heartburn. It refers to a burning sensation
caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus
✔✔Esophageal varices - ✔✔This refers to an enlarged and swollen vein at the lower
end of the esophagus
✔✔Hiatal hernia - ✔✔This is an anatomical abnormality where a portion of the stomach
protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm
✔✔Anorexia - ✔✔This refers to an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low
body weight and overwhelming fear of and obsession about gaining weight. Patients
have a distorted perception of their own weight
✔✔Bulimia - ✔✔This emotional disorder involves distortion of body image and
obsession with losing weight. Patients experience bouts of overeating followed by
depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting
✔✔Dehydration - ✔✔This refers to fluid loss that exceeds fluid intake disrupting the
body's normal electrolyte balance
✔✔Cachexia - ✔✔This refers to physical wasting due to loss of weight and muscle
mass. This condition is commonly a result of advanced cancer or AIDS
✔✔Malnutrition - ✔✔This refers to a lack of proper food or nutrients because of a
shortage of food or poor eating habits. It can also be caused by the inability of the body
to digest, absorb, or distribute nutrients
✔✔Malabsorption - ✔✔This condition is when the small intestine cannot absorb
nutrients from food as it passes through the digestive tract
✔✔Obesity - ✔✔An excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is diagnosed when
individuals are more then 20% of established weight standards based on height, age,
and gender
✔✔Celiac disease - ✔✔A hereditary autoimmune disorder leading to a severe reaction
to foods containing gluten, a type of protein found in grains
✔✔Gluten intolerance - ✔✔Typically caused by an allergy to wheat
✔✔Food allergy - ✔✔Immune system reaction occurs after eating a certain food
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Nose Injuries - ✔✔Children often put small objects up their noses that can swell or
become lodged. The
airway can also be obstructed. A physician must remove the object.
✔✔Earthquake Preparedness - ✔✔map active faults and areas likely to liquefy from
shaking
develop construction codes to reduce building failures
regulate land use to control development in hazard areas
✔✔fire preparedness - ✔✔1. Do not obstruct fire doors and shutters.
2. Do not block or obstruct the path to a fire extinguisher.
3. Never prop open emergency doors. Fire doors keep fire from spreading.
4. Keep a proper clearance available below fire sprinkler heads at all times.
5. Be wise about the use of electrical cords. Be certain you are not creating a tripping
hazard by making sure they are not running across doorways or walkways.
✔✔Flood - ✔✔Avoid walking or driving through flood waters
Just 6 inches of moving water can knock you down, and 2 feet of water can sweep your
vehicle away
If there is a chance of flash flooding move immediately to higher ground
✔✔Hurricane Preparedness - ✔✔Get to shelter to shield yourself from winds, get to
high ground if around water to prevent drowning.
✔✔Liver - ✔✔This large organ removes toxins from the blood and helps turn food into
fuel and nutrients
,✔✔Gallbladder - ✔✔This pear-shaped organ located under the liver, connects via small
ducts, and stores bile formed by the liver
✔✔Pancreas - ✔✔This soft, oblong gland is located behind the stomach. It secretes
pancreatic juices to aid digestion it secretes into the pancreatic duct into the bile duct
and into the duodenum
✔✔Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System - ✔✔major physiological process that
occur is motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption. The tract also serves as an
important organ for excretion of substances. it stores and excretes waste substances
from ingested food materials and excretes products from the liver such as cholesterol,
steroids, and drug metabolites. It is also important to understand that several organs
outside of the stomach-intestines continuum assist in the breakdown of food.
✔✔Upper Gl Tract - ✔✔Oral cavity: The upper Gl tract includes the structures of the oral
cavity including the lips, soft and hard palate, uvula, tongue, soft tissues, dental arches,
teeth primary and permanent dentition), and salivary glands secreting saliva
Pharynx: The pharynx is the passageway for both respiration and digestion. It plays a
role in deglutition, or swallowing. The epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea so
that food and liquids from moving into the airway
* Esophagus: This is a long muscular tube that serves as a passage way from the
pharynx to the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter serves as a gateway between
the esophagus and stomach and relaxes during swallowing so that food can enter the
stomach
Stomach: This sac-like organ receives food stuffs from the esophagus for digestion
✔✔Lower Gl Tract - ✔✔Small intestine: This long tube extends from the pyloric
sphincter of the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into the duodenum, the
jejunum, and the ileum
Large intestine: This tube extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus. The
major divisions are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
✔✔Aphthous ulcers - ✔✔These are also called canker sores or mouth ulcers. They are
gray-white pits with a red border in the mouth tissue often associated with stress,
certain types of foods, or fever
✔✔Cheilosis - ✔✔This a disorder of the lips. Crack-like sores appear at the corners of
the mouth
,✔✔Herpes labialis - ✔✔blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are
caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or
fever blisters
✔✔Oral thrush - ✔✔This is a fungal infection of the oral area causing symptoms of
creamy white lesions on the tongue or inner cheeks most commonly in infants, older
adults with weakened immune systems, or those taking a lot of antibiotics
✔✔Xerostomia - ✔✔Dryness of the mouth caused by reduction of saliva
✔✔Cleft palate - ✔✔This condition results from a failure of the palate to close during the
early development of the fetus creating an opening that may involve the upper lip, hard
palate, and/or soft palate
✔✔Bruxism - ✔✔This refers to involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth usually
occurring during sleep. It is often associated with stress
✔✔Dental caries - ✔✔This is commonly known as tooth decay or a cavity. It refers to an
infectious disease caused by bacterial that destroys the dentin and enamel of the tooth
✔✔Dental plaque - ✔✔This refers to soft deposits in areas of the teeth near the gums
and between the teeth. It consists of bacteria and bacteria by-products and leads to
dental caries
✔✔Halitosis - ✔✔This is commonly referred to as bad breath and refers to an
unpleasant odor in the mouth. It is commonly caused by dental diseases or a respiratory
or gastric disorder
✔✔Periodontal disease - ✔✔This condition is commonly called periodontitis and refers
to an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth eventually involving the gums
and bones
✔✔Gingivitis - ✔✔This is the earliest stage of periodontal disease and refers to an
inflammation of the gums
✔✔Dysphagia - ✔✔Dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing
✔✔Eosinophilic esophagitis - ✔✔This is a chronic immune system disease where
eosinophils (one type of white blood cell) builds up in the esophagus. It is a result of an
allergy to certain foods
✔✔GERD - ✔✔refers to gastroesophageal reflux disease. This is the upward flow of
acid from the stomach into the esophagus
, ✔✔Esophageal structure - ✔✔This results from scar tissue or other damage of the
esophagus causing swallowing difficulties
✔✔Pyrosis - ✔✔This is commonly called heartburn. It refers to a burning sensation
caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus
✔✔Esophageal varices - ✔✔This refers to an enlarged and swollen vein at the lower
end of the esophagus
✔✔Hiatal hernia - ✔✔This is an anatomical abnormality where a portion of the stomach
protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm
✔✔Anorexia - ✔✔This refers to an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low
body weight and overwhelming fear of and obsession about gaining weight. Patients
have a distorted perception of their own weight
✔✔Bulimia - ✔✔This emotional disorder involves distortion of body image and
obsession with losing weight. Patients experience bouts of overeating followed by
depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting
✔✔Dehydration - ✔✔This refers to fluid loss that exceeds fluid intake disrupting the
body's normal electrolyte balance
✔✔Cachexia - ✔✔This refers to physical wasting due to loss of weight and muscle
mass. This condition is commonly a result of advanced cancer or AIDS
✔✔Malnutrition - ✔✔This refers to a lack of proper food or nutrients because of a
shortage of food or poor eating habits. It can also be caused by the inability of the body
to digest, absorb, or distribute nutrients
✔✔Malabsorption - ✔✔This condition is when the small intestine cannot absorb
nutrients from food as it passes through the digestive tract
✔✔Obesity - ✔✔An excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is diagnosed when
individuals are more then 20% of established weight standards based on height, age,
and gender
✔✔Celiac disease - ✔✔A hereditary autoimmune disorder leading to a severe reaction
to foods containing gluten, a type of protein found in grains
✔✔Gluten intolerance - ✔✔Typically caused by an allergy to wheat
✔✔Food allergy - ✔✔Immune system reaction occurs after eating a certain food
