NSG 5003 EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of
cells?
Answer: The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
●● The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes
cells to
Answer: swell because of the influx of sodium chloride
●● Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of
which diseases
Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic
heart disease
●● Free Radicals cause cell damage by:
Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical
bonds of the cell membrane
●● What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
,Answer: Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
●● What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during
chemical injury?
Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs,
halting DNA synthesis.
●● Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
Answer: Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
●● During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic
pressure occurs within the cell because
Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell
●● What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
Answer: Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
●● In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because
Answer: ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out
of the cell.
●● What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell
membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?
, Answer: Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the cell.
●● What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Answer: Hypoxic injury
●● During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into
the cell because
Answer: The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function
because of a decrease in ATP levels.
●● Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular
injury:
Answer: Is often the result of the damage caused by reactive free
radicals.
●● A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for
the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between
Answer: Intracellular and extracellular K+
●● During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum
hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for
which electrolyte?
Answer: Potassium
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of
cells?
Answer: The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
●● The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes
cells to
Answer: swell because of the influx of sodium chloride
●● Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of
which diseases
Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic
heart disease
●● Free Radicals cause cell damage by:
Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical
bonds of the cell membrane
●● What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
,Answer: Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
●● What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during
chemical injury?
Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs,
halting DNA synthesis.
●● Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
Answer: Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
●● During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic
pressure occurs within the cell because
Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell
●● What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
Answer: Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
●● In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because
Answer: ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out
of the cell.
●● What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell
membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?
, Answer: Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the cell.
●● What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Answer: Hypoxic injury
●● During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into
the cell because
Answer: The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function
because of a decrease in ATP levels.
●● Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular
injury:
Answer: Is often the result of the damage caused by reactive free
radicals.
●● A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for
the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between
Answer: Intracellular and extracellular K+
●● During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum
hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for
which electrolyte?
Answer: Potassium
