Biology 111 Chapter 2 Exam with Accurate Solution

Biology 111 Chapter 2 Exam with Accurate Solutions



Polar Covalent Bond - ANSWER-
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Bond in which atoms share electrons UNEQUALLY resulting in positive and negative ends.
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Ionic Bond - ANSWER-Attraction between a positive and negative ion-
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atoms form ions by gaining or loosing electrons.
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What does it mean that water has a "high heat capacity"? - ANSWER-
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Heat causes hydrogen bonds in water to break and reform repeatedly-
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this uses up a lot of the energy from heat
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What does it mean that water is "the universal solvent"? - ANSWER-
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Polar molecules dissolve easily in water because of the positive and negative ends of the po
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lar covalent bonds
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Carbon - ANSWER-Can form 4 covalent bonds- low electronegativity.
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Functional Groups - ANSWER- cv cv cv




Groups of atoms attached to carbon backbone which determine the properties of organic m
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olecules.

Hydrophobic - ANSWER-Non-polar; does not mix with water Hydrophilic - cv cv cv cv cv cv cv cv cv




cv ANSWER-Polar; does mix with water cv cv cv cv




Macromolecules (4) - ANSWER- cv cv cv




Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids Monomer - ANSWER- cv cv cv cv cv cv cv




Building blocks of polymers; links in chain cv cv cv cv cv cv




Polymer - ANSWER-Chain of connected polymers cv cv cv cv cv




Hydrolysis - ANSWER-Add water to split a polymer; catabolic. E.g., exergonic reactions
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- cellular respiration.
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Dehydration Synthesis - ANSWER- cv cv cv




Remove water to join monomers and form a polymer; anabolic; E.g., endergonic reac
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tions - photosynthesis.
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Monomer of Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Monosaccharides - cv cv cv cv cv




e.g., glucose Monomer of Lipids - ANSWER-Fatty Acids
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, Lipids - ANSWER- cv cv




Hydrophobic fats, waxes, phospholipids, steroids Monomer of Proteins - cv cv cv cv cv cv cv cv




cv ANSWER-Amino Acids cv




Amino Acid cv




General Structure - ANSWER- cv cv cv




General structure: Amino group (NH2); carboxyl group (COOH); central carbon; R group (c
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an be one of 20 different molecules)
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Sickle Cell - ANSWER- cv cv cv




Difference between one R goup of a protein in red blood cells Monomer of Nucleic Acids -
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cv ANSWER-Nucleotides

Function of Nucleic Acids - ANSWER-DNA, RNA, ATP cv cv cv cv cv cv cv




Structure of an Atom - ANSWER-Heterogeneous - cv cv cv cv cv cv




different structure in different parts of the atom.
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Electrons - ANSWER- cv cv




Electrons have almost no mass at all; exist in discrete energy levels outside of the nucleus.
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Atomic Theory - ANSWER-Describes the structure and behavior of atoms. Electron -
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ANSWER-Electrical Charge: -1
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Mass (Daltons): 1/1800
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Location within atom: outside the nucleus cv cv cv cv cv




Proton - ANSWER- cv cv




Electrical Charge: +1 Mass (Daltons): 1 cv cv cv cv cv




Location within atom: in the nucleus cv cv cv cv cv




Neutron - ANSWER- cv cv




Electrical Charge: 0 Mass (Daltons): 1 cv cv cv cv cv




Location within atom: in the nucleus cv cv cv cv cv




Elements - ANSWER- cv cv




Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Periodic Table. 117 elem
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ents.

Molecule - ANSWER-2 or more atoms bonded together. cv cv cv cv cv cv cv




Compound - ANSWER- cv cv




A molecule consisting of at least two different types of atoms. E.g., water.
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Orbital - ANSWER- cv cv




The region of space surrounding the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding a pa
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