Foundations of Clinical Research:
Applications to Evidence-Based Practice
by Leslie G. Portney (Author)
4th Edition
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1: Foundations of Research and Evidence
Chapter 1: Frameworks for Generating and Applying Evidence
Chapter 2: On the Road to Translational Research
Chapter 3: Defining the Research Question
Chapter 4: The Role of Theory in Research and Practice
Chapter 5: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 6: Searching the Literature
Chapter 7: Ethical Issues in Clinical Research
Part 2: Concepts of Measurement
Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
Chapter 9: Concepts of Measurement Reliability
Chapter 10: Concepts of Measurement Validity
Chapter 11: Designing Surveys and Questionnaires
Chapter 12: Understanding Health Measurement Scales
Part 3: Designing Clinical Research
Chapter 13: Choosing a Sample
Chapter 14: Principles of Clinical Trials
Chapter 15: Design Validity
Chapter 16: Experimental Designs
Chapter 17: Quasi-Experimental Designs
Chapter 18: Single-Subject Designs
Chapter 19: Exploratory Research: Observational Designs
Chapter 20: Descriptive Research
Chapter 21: Qualitative Research
Part 4: Analyzing Data
Chapter 22: Descriptive Statistics
,Chapter 23: Foundations of Statistical Inference
Chapter 24: Foundations of Statistical Inference
Chapter 25: Comparing More Than Two Means: Analysis of Variance
Chapter 26: Multiple Comparison Tests
Chapter 27: Nonparametric Tests for Group Comparisons
Chapter 28: Measuring Association for Categorical Variables: Chi-Square
Chapter 29: Correlation
Chapter 30: Regression
Chapter 31: Multivariate Analysis
Chapter 32: Measurement Revisited: Reliability and Validity Statistics
Chapter 33: Diagnostic Accuracy
Chapter 34: Epidemiology: Measuring Risk
Part 5: Putting It All Together
Chapter 35: Writing a Research Proposal
Chapter 36: Critical Appraisal: Evaluating Research Reports
Chapter 37: Synthesizing Literature: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Chapter 38: Disseminating Research
, Test Bank: Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Evidence-
Based Practice, 4th Edition (Portney, 2020)
Chapters 1–38 | Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
CHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
1. The primary purpose of clinical research in health care is to:
A) Generate income for academic institutions
B) Provide a basis for clinical decision-making grounded in evidence
C) Replace clinical judgment with statistical algorithms
D) Satisfy requirements for academic promotion
Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical research provides the empirical foundation needed for evidence-based clinical
decisions.
2. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between research and clinical practice?
A) Research findings should always override clinical experience
B) Clinical experience alone is sufficient for quality patient care
C) Research findings and clinical expertise together inform evidence-based practice
D) Research is primarily useful for academic purposes, not clinical settings
Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
values.
3. The concept of "evidence-based practice" was originally introduced in the field of:
A) Physical therapy
Applications to Evidence-Based Practice
by Leslie G. Portney (Author)
4th Edition
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1: Foundations of Research and Evidence
Chapter 1: Frameworks for Generating and Applying Evidence
Chapter 2: On the Road to Translational Research
Chapter 3: Defining the Research Question
Chapter 4: The Role of Theory in Research and Practice
Chapter 5: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 6: Searching the Literature
Chapter 7: Ethical Issues in Clinical Research
Part 2: Concepts of Measurement
Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
Chapter 9: Concepts of Measurement Reliability
Chapter 10: Concepts of Measurement Validity
Chapter 11: Designing Surveys and Questionnaires
Chapter 12: Understanding Health Measurement Scales
Part 3: Designing Clinical Research
Chapter 13: Choosing a Sample
Chapter 14: Principles of Clinical Trials
Chapter 15: Design Validity
Chapter 16: Experimental Designs
Chapter 17: Quasi-Experimental Designs
Chapter 18: Single-Subject Designs
Chapter 19: Exploratory Research: Observational Designs
Chapter 20: Descriptive Research
Chapter 21: Qualitative Research
Part 4: Analyzing Data
Chapter 22: Descriptive Statistics
,Chapter 23: Foundations of Statistical Inference
Chapter 24: Foundations of Statistical Inference
Chapter 25: Comparing More Than Two Means: Analysis of Variance
Chapter 26: Multiple Comparison Tests
Chapter 27: Nonparametric Tests for Group Comparisons
Chapter 28: Measuring Association for Categorical Variables: Chi-Square
Chapter 29: Correlation
Chapter 30: Regression
Chapter 31: Multivariate Analysis
Chapter 32: Measurement Revisited: Reliability and Validity Statistics
Chapter 33: Diagnostic Accuracy
Chapter 34: Epidemiology: Measuring Risk
Part 5: Putting It All Together
Chapter 35: Writing a Research Proposal
Chapter 36: Critical Appraisal: Evaluating Research Reports
Chapter 37: Synthesizing Literature: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Chapter 38: Disseminating Research
, Test Bank: Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Evidence-
Based Practice, 4th Edition (Portney, 2020)
Chapters 1–38 | Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
CHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
1. The primary purpose of clinical research in health care is to:
A) Generate income for academic institutions
B) Provide a basis for clinical decision-making grounded in evidence
C) Replace clinical judgment with statistical algorithms
D) Satisfy requirements for academic promotion
Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical research provides the empirical foundation needed for evidence-based clinical
decisions.
2. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between research and clinical practice?
A) Research findings should always override clinical experience
B) Clinical experience alone is sufficient for quality patient care
C) Research findings and clinical expertise together inform evidence-based practice
D) Research is primarily useful for academic purposes, not clinical settings
Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
values.
3. The concept of "evidence-based practice" was originally introduced in the field of:
A) Physical therapy
