MLS 5201 EXAM 5 STUDY GUIDE
antimicrobial agent - Answers - chemical that either kills or inhibits a disease causing
organism
how are antimicrobials chategorized - Answers - source
clinical application
mode of action
antibiotic - Answers - metabolic products of molds or bacteria
synthetic drugs - Answers - chemical drugs that are manufactured
semi-synthetic drugs - Answers - antibiotics that are chemically modified
(most used today are from this group)
Streptomyces - Answers - half of all antibiotics and semi-synthetics are derived from this
genus
clinical application of antimicrobials - Answers - antibacterial
antimycobacterial
antifungal
antiviral
antiparasitic
selective toxicity - Answers - antimicrobial effectively kills or inhibits an organism
causing infection with little or no effect on host
eukaryotes - Answers - nucleus
membrane bound organelles
no cell wall (has cell membrane)
80s ribosomes (60s and 40s subunits)
prokaryotes - Answers - no nucleus
no membrane bound organelles
cell wall (peptidoglycan)
70s ribosomes (50s and 30s subunits)
svedburg units - Answers - "s" in ribosomes
sedimentation rate in an ultracentrifuge
eukaryotes that resemble human cells - Answers - fungus and parasites
selective toxicity not as good compared to bacteria
takes longer to treat with more side effects
, viruses and human cells - Answers - exist as pathogens within human host cell and use
human call machinery to make viral products
very few differences between processes of human cells and viruses
selective toxicity is very low
narrow spectrum antibiotics - Answers - effects only a specific type of organism
best when causative agent of infection is known
broad spectrum antibiotics - Answers - effects a wide range of organisms
used when causative agent is unknown
broad spectrum and normal flora - Answers - wipes out susceptible organisms
creates a lack of competition
can result in superinfection
microbial antagonism - Answers - competition between microbes
superinfection - Answers - overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antibiotics
when clinical specimen is received - Answers - isolate and ID pathogen
determine antimicrobial susceptibility
susceptible or sensitive - Answers - organism is inhibited or killed
resistant - Answers - has no effect on organism
minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Answers - lowest concentration of a drug
required to inhibit the growth of an organism
minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) - Answers - lowest concentration of antibiotic
which kills all organism
bacteriostatic - Answers - suppresses organisms growth (if removed, organism will
continue to grow)
bactericidal - Answers - drug produces an irreversible lethal effect and kills multiplying
bateria
broth dilution test - Answers - a method of determining the minimal inhibitory
concentration by using serial dilutions of an antimicrobial drug
4 routes of antimicrobial administration - Answers - topically, orally, intramuscularly,
intravenously
antimicrobial agent - Answers - chemical that either kills or inhibits a disease causing
organism
how are antimicrobials chategorized - Answers - source
clinical application
mode of action
antibiotic - Answers - metabolic products of molds or bacteria
synthetic drugs - Answers - chemical drugs that are manufactured
semi-synthetic drugs - Answers - antibiotics that are chemically modified
(most used today are from this group)
Streptomyces - Answers - half of all antibiotics and semi-synthetics are derived from this
genus
clinical application of antimicrobials - Answers - antibacterial
antimycobacterial
antifungal
antiviral
antiparasitic
selective toxicity - Answers - antimicrobial effectively kills or inhibits an organism
causing infection with little or no effect on host
eukaryotes - Answers - nucleus
membrane bound organelles
no cell wall (has cell membrane)
80s ribosomes (60s and 40s subunits)
prokaryotes - Answers - no nucleus
no membrane bound organelles
cell wall (peptidoglycan)
70s ribosomes (50s and 30s subunits)
svedburg units - Answers - "s" in ribosomes
sedimentation rate in an ultracentrifuge
eukaryotes that resemble human cells - Answers - fungus and parasites
selective toxicity not as good compared to bacteria
takes longer to treat with more side effects
, viruses and human cells - Answers - exist as pathogens within human host cell and use
human call machinery to make viral products
very few differences between processes of human cells and viruses
selective toxicity is very low
narrow spectrum antibiotics - Answers - effects only a specific type of organism
best when causative agent of infection is known
broad spectrum antibiotics - Answers - effects a wide range of organisms
used when causative agent is unknown
broad spectrum and normal flora - Answers - wipes out susceptible organisms
creates a lack of competition
can result in superinfection
microbial antagonism - Answers - competition between microbes
superinfection - Answers - overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antibiotics
when clinical specimen is received - Answers - isolate and ID pathogen
determine antimicrobial susceptibility
susceptible or sensitive - Answers - organism is inhibited or killed
resistant - Answers - has no effect on organism
minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Answers - lowest concentration of a drug
required to inhibit the growth of an organism
minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) - Answers - lowest concentration of antibiotic
which kills all organism
bacteriostatic - Answers - suppresses organisms growth (if removed, organism will
continue to grow)
bactericidal - Answers - drug produces an irreversible lethal effect and kills multiplying
bateria
broth dilution test - Answers - a method of determining the minimal inhibitory
concentration by using serial dilutions of an antimicrobial drug
4 routes of antimicrobial administration - Answers - topically, orally, intramuscularly,
intravenously
