MLS 5201 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
objectives of clinical microbiology - Answers - culture and identify pathogenic organisms
differentiate pathogens from normal flora
perform antimicrobial susceptibility
4 fields of clinical microbiology - Answers - bacteriology
parasitology
mycology
virology
3 areas of bacteriology - Answers - aerobic bacteria- O2 or CO2
anaerobic bacteria- anaerobic chambers
mycobacteria- unique, different techniques, separate sections
pathology - Answers - events that take place as an organism initiates infection
anatomy and physiology - Answers - understanding o body sites and their functions in
the body
epidemiology - Answers - mode of transmission
taxonomy - Answers - classification of living organisms
5 kingdoms - Answers - protista - protozoa and algae
planta - plants
fungi - molds and yeasts
animalia - animals
monera - bacteria
3 domains - Answers - eukarya, eubacteria, archaebacteria
prokaryotes - Answers - before the nucleus, single cell
eukaryotes - Answers - true nucleus, everything else, multicellular
7 levels of classification - Answers - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species
species - Answers - defined by reproduction
eukaryotic reproduction - Answers - sexual reproduction
prokaryotic reproduction - Answers - asexual reproduction
, binary fission - Answers - parent cell splits into 2 daughter cells
strain or subspecies - Answers - phenotypic differences
serotype - Answers - serological differences
biotype - Answers - biochemical differences
characteristics used to classify bacteria - Answers - cellular morphology, staining
characteristics, motility, growth characteristics, biochemistry, serology, genetic analysis
binomial system - Answers - genus and species are name
4 nomenclature rules - Answers - family ends in -aceae
first letter of genus is capital, but species is not
when typed, italicized, when written, underlined
abbreviated by first letter of genus with a period
3 protective barriers - Answers - cell membrane, cell wall, capsule
2 names for cell membrane - Answers - plasma membrane and cytoplasmic membrane
eukaryotes vs prokaryotes - Answers - same cell membrane but eukaryotes have
cholesterol
gram positive cell - Answers - thick peptidoglycan layer, teichoic acid lipoteichoic acid
gram negative cell - Answers - thin peptidoglycan layer, O polysaccharides, lipid A
peptidoglycan - Answers - macromolecule found in bacterial cell walls (sugar and
protein)
cell wall function - Answers - determines the shape of the organism, determines the
gram stain properties of the cell
NAG and NAM - Answers - sugar portions of peptidoglycan
tetrapeptide crossbridge and peptide interbridge - Answers - protein portions of
peptidoglycan
teichoic acid - Answers - regulate the activity of the autolysis during cell growth
autolysins - Answers - enzymes that make small nicks in the cell wall allowing new
subunits to be inserted into the old peptidoglycan
objectives of clinical microbiology - Answers - culture and identify pathogenic organisms
differentiate pathogens from normal flora
perform antimicrobial susceptibility
4 fields of clinical microbiology - Answers - bacteriology
parasitology
mycology
virology
3 areas of bacteriology - Answers - aerobic bacteria- O2 or CO2
anaerobic bacteria- anaerobic chambers
mycobacteria- unique, different techniques, separate sections
pathology - Answers - events that take place as an organism initiates infection
anatomy and physiology - Answers - understanding o body sites and their functions in
the body
epidemiology - Answers - mode of transmission
taxonomy - Answers - classification of living organisms
5 kingdoms - Answers - protista - protozoa and algae
planta - plants
fungi - molds and yeasts
animalia - animals
monera - bacteria
3 domains - Answers - eukarya, eubacteria, archaebacteria
prokaryotes - Answers - before the nucleus, single cell
eukaryotes - Answers - true nucleus, everything else, multicellular
7 levels of classification - Answers - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species
species - Answers - defined by reproduction
eukaryotic reproduction - Answers - sexual reproduction
prokaryotic reproduction - Answers - asexual reproduction
, binary fission - Answers - parent cell splits into 2 daughter cells
strain or subspecies - Answers - phenotypic differences
serotype - Answers - serological differences
biotype - Answers - biochemical differences
characteristics used to classify bacteria - Answers - cellular morphology, staining
characteristics, motility, growth characteristics, biochemistry, serology, genetic analysis
binomial system - Answers - genus and species are name
4 nomenclature rules - Answers - family ends in -aceae
first letter of genus is capital, but species is not
when typed, italicized, when written, underlined
abbreviated by first letter of genus with a period
3 protective barriers - Answers - cell membrane, cell wall, capsule
2 names for cell membrane - Answers - plasma membrane and cytoplasmic membrane
eukaryotes vs prokaryotes - Answers - same cell membrane but eukaryotes have
cholesterol
gram positive cell - Answers - thick peptidoglycan layer, teichoic acid lipoteichoic acid
gram negative cell - Answers - thin peptidoglycan layer, O polysaccharides, lipid A
peptidoglycan - Answers - macromolecule found in bacterial cell walls (sugar and
protein)
cell wall function - Answers - determines the shape of the organism, determines the
gram stain properties of the cell
NAG and NAM - Answers - sugar portions of peptidoglycan
tetrapeptide crossbridge and peptide interbridge - Answers - protein portions of
peptidoglycan
teichoic acid - Answers - regulate the activity of the autolysis during cell growth
autolysins - Answers - enzymes that make small nicks in the cell wall allowing new
subunits to be inserted into the old peptidoglycan
