ACVPM ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
fluke
✔✔Strongylus vulgaris - ✔✔Although now rarely seen in managed horses, the migrating
larvae of this large strongyle (equine bloodworm) can cause severe inflammation in the
wall of the cranial mesenteric artery, and this nematode was, at one time, the most
commonly diagnosed cause of equine coli
✔✔Small strongyles (cyathostomes) - ✔✔Larval cyathostominosis is a clinical syndrome
caused by mass emergence of encysted cyathostomin larvae from the large intestinal
walls. It is characterized by acute, generalized typhlocolitis, resulting in a profuse,
watery diarrhea, and horses often present with ventral edema. Cyathostomin parasites,
also often referred to as small strongyles, are ubiquitous in grazing horses across the
world, and Clinically healthy horses can harbor heavy cyathostomin burdens
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Canine roundworm, three lips at anterior end
✔✔Dioctophyme renale - ✔✔giant kidney worm
minks usual definitive host
✔✔Rhabditis - ✔✔free-living by nature, but occasionally causes opportunistic infections
associated with dermatitis in animals
✔✔Trichinella - ✔✔Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, is caused by eating raw or
undercooked meat of animals infected with the larvae of a species of worm called
Trichinella. Infection occurs commonly in certain wild carnivorous (meat-eating) animals
such as bear or cougar, or omnivorous (meat and plant-eating) animals such as
domestic pigs or wild boar. Infective muscle cysts.
✔✔Tick larvae vs nymph - ✔✔Larvae 6 legs, Nymph 8 legs
, ✔✔Trichuris felis - ✔✔Trichuris felis, the whipworm of cats, is a relatively rare parasite,
although more common in tropical and sub-tropical regions such as the Caribbean and
South America
✔✔Dipylidium caninum - ✔✔Dipylidium caninum, also called the flea tapeworm, double-
pored tapeworm, or cucumber tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode of dogs, cats, and
sometimes human pet-owners, especially children. Egg-packets.
✔✔Gasterophilus spp - ✔✔Horse bots are the parasitic larvae of the botflies,
Gasterophilus spp. Adult females deposit their eggs onto hair shafts of horses. Bot
larvae are eventually ingested through grooming and can cause inflammatory reactions
during migration within the oral cavity and by attachment to the stomach wall. In
general, bot larvae are considered benign, even though some pathology is observed.
Bot larvae can be identified during oral inspection or gastroscopy. Treatment of choice
is ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), which has documented efficacy against both oral and gastric
stages.
✔✔Habronema and Draschia spp. - ✔✔muscid flies serve as vector and intermediate
host of these nematodes. cutaneous habronemiasis = summer sores
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Puppies can die at 2 days of age because of large numbers of
larval nematodes migrating and molting in their lungs
✔✔Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus nematodes - ✔✔The common
stomach worms of cattle are Haemonchus placei (barber's pole worm, large stomach
worm, wire worm), Ostertagia ostertagi (medium or brown stomach worm), and
Trichostrongylus axei (small stomach worm, see Trichostrongylus axei Infection in
Horses). In some tropical countries, Mecistocirrus digitatus, a large worm up to 40 mm
long, is present. H placei is primarily a parasite in tropical regions, whereas O ostertagi
and, to a lesser extent, T axei are found in more temperate climates. Adult male
Haemonchus are up to 18 mm long, females up to 30 mm. Ostertagia adults are 6-9
mm long, and Trichostrongylus, ~5 mm.
✔✔Salmon Poisoning Disease - ✔✔SPD is caused by N helminthoeca and is
sometimes complicated by a second agent, N elokominica, which causes Elokomin
fluke fever (EFF).
✔✔Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus - ✔✔Thorny headed worm of swine, beetle
intermediate host, few clinical signs
✔✔Stephanurus dentatus - ✔✔Swine kidney worms: found encysted in pairs along the
ureters in the perirenal fat and in the kidney. found worldwide, particularly in tropical and
subtropical areas. Present in southeastern and south central USA. The eggs hatch
shortly after being passed in the urine and reach the infective stage in 3-5 days. The
larvae are susceptible to temperature extremes, desiccation, and sunlight. Infection is
ANSWERS SURE A+
fluke
✔✔Strongylus vulgaris - ✔✔Although now rarely seen in managed horses, the migrating
larvae of this large strongyle (equine bloodworm) can cause severe inflammation in the
wall of the cranial mesenteric artery, and this nematode was, at one time, the most
commonly diagnosed cause of equine coli
✔✔Small strongyles (cyathostomes) - ✔✔Larval cyathostominosis is a clinical syndrome
caused by mass emergence of encysted cyathostomin larvae from the large intestinal
walls. It is characterized by acute, generalized typhlocolitis, resulting in a profuse,
watery diarrhea, and horses often present with ventral edema. Cyathostomin parasites,
also often referred to as small strongyles, are ubiquitous in grazing horses across the
world, and Clinically healthy horses can harbor heavy cyathostomin burdens
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Canine roundworm, three lips at anterior end
✔✔Dioctophyme renale - ✔✔giant kidney worm
minks usual definitive host
✔✔Rhabditis - ✔✔free-living by nature, but occasionally causes opportunistic infections
associated with dermatitis in animals
✔✔Trichinella - ✔✔Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, is caused by eating raw or
undercooked meat of animals infected with the larvae of a species of worm called
Trichinella. Infection occurs commonly in certain wild carnivorous (meat-eating) animals
such as bear or cougar, or omnivorous (meat and plant-eating) animals such as
domestic pigs or wild boar. Infective muscle cysts.
✔✔Tick larvae vs nymph - ✔✔Larvae 6 legs, Nymph 8 legs
, ✔✔Trichuris felis - ✔✔Trichuris felis, the whipworm of cats, is a relatively rare parasite,
although more common in tropical and sub-tropical regions such as the Caribbean and
South America
✔✔Dipylidium caninum - ✔✔Dipylidium caninum, also called the flea tapeworm, double-
pored tapeworm, or cucumber tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode of dogs, cats, and
sometimes human pet-owners, especially children. Egg-packets.
✔✔Gasterophilus spp - ✔✔Horse bots are the parasitic larvae of the botflies,
Gasterophilus spp. Adult females deposit their eggs onto hair shafts of horses. Bot
larvae are eventually ingested through grooming and can cause inflammatory reactions
during migration within the oral cavity and by attachment to the stomach wall. In
general, bot larvae are considered benign, even though some pathology is observed.
Bot larvae can be identified during oral inspection or gastroscopy. Treatment of choice
is ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), which has documented efficacy against both oral and gastric
stages.
✔✔Habronema and Draschia spp. - ✔✔muscid flies serve as vector and intermediate
host of these nematodes. cutaneous habronemiasis = summer sores
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Puppies can die at 2 days of age because of large numbers of
larval nematodes migrating and molting in their lungs
✔✔Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus nematodes - ✔✔The common
stomach worms of cattle are Haemonchus placei (barber's pole worm, large stomach
worm, wire worm), Ostertagia ostertagi (medium or brown stomach worm), and
Trichostrongylus axei (small stomach worm, see Trichostrongylus axei Infection in
Horses). In some tropical countries, Mecistocirrus digitatus, a large worm up to 40 mm
long, is present. H placei is primarily a parasite in tropical regions, whereas O ostertagi
and, to a lesser extent, T axei are found in more temperate climates. Adult male
Haemonchus are up to 18 mm long, females up to 30 mm. Ostertagia adults are 6-9
mm long, and Trichostrongylus, ~5 mm.
✔✔Salmon Poisoning Disease - ✔✔SPD is caused by N helminthoeca and is
sometimes complicated by a second agent, N elokominica, which causes Elokomin
fluke fever (EFF).
✔✔Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus - ✔✔Thorny headed worm of swine, beetle
intermediate host, few clinical signs
✔✔Stephanurus dentatus - ✔✔Swine kidney worms: found encysted in pairs along the
ureters in the perirenal fat and in the kidney. found worldwide, particularly in tropical and
subtropical areas. Present in southeastern and south central USA. The eggs hatch
shortly after being passed in the urine and reach the infective stage in 3-5 days. The
larvae are susceptible to temperature extremes, desiccation, and sunlight. Infection is
