AS-408 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
What is false cognitive expectancy?
A false cognitive expectancy is the unreasonable anticipation of an event or condition that
does not occur as envisioned. The determination of reason is a subjective assessment by the
researcher based on experience and training. The incorrect anticipatory mindset may be the
result of conscious or unconscious cognitive processes
Bathtub curve
the typical failure rate of a product over time.
1. decrease failure rate, early failure
2. Constant failure rate, random failure
3. increase failure rate, wear-out failure
Three reasons pilots/people make poor decisions?
1) They have incomplete information.
2)They use inaccurate or irrelevant information.
3)They process the information poorly.
How does automation effect pilots?
Automation produces gain in efficiency and situational awareness, but only if the pilots who
use it are proficient in how it operates during both normal and emergency situations.
3 types of fatigue?
transient, cumulative, and circadian
Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA)
, a nonpunitive, unobtrusive, peer-to-peer flight deck observation program that collects safety-
related flight data during normal operations in order to assess safety margins and
improvement measures. The purpose behind LOSA is to provide leaders with early warnings
of systemic safety problems
Difference between safety and security?
THE INTENT
What is cumulative fatigue?
is repeated mild sleep restriction or tiredness due to being awake for extended hours across a
series of days
3 Levels of Situational Awareness
• Level 1 SA: perceiving critical factors in the environment
• Level 2 SA: understanding what those factors mean, particularly when integrated together
with your goals
• Level 3 SA: projection—understanding what will happen with the system in the near future
Who can petition OSHA?
if petitioned by other parties of relevance such as the Secretary of Health and Human
Services (HHS), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), state
and local governments, or any nationally recognized standards-producing organization.
Five Factor Model
Mission, Medium, Machine, Management, Human
Cumulative fatigue
What is false cognitive expectancy?
A false cognitive expectancy is the unreasonable anticipation of an event or condition that
does not occur as envisioned. The determination of reason is a subjective assessment by the
researcher based on experience and training. The incorrect anticipatory mindset may be the
result of conscious or unconscious cognitive processes
Bathtub curve
the typical failure rate of a product over time.
1. decrease failure rate, early failure
2. Constant failure rate, random failure
3. increase failure rate, wear-out failure
Three reasons pilots/people make poor decisions?
1) They have incomplete information.
2)They use inaccurate or irrelevant information.
3)They process the information poorly.
How does automation effect pilots?
Automation produces gain in efficiency and situational awareness, but only if the pilots who
use it are proficient in how it operates during both normal and emergency situations.
3 types of fatigue?
transient, cumulative, and circadian
Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA)
, a nonpunitive, unobtrusive, peer-to-peer flight deck observation program that collects safety-
related flight data during normal operations in order to assess safety margins and
improvement measures. The purpose behind LOSA is to provide leaders with early warnings
of systemic safety problems
Difference between safety and security?
THE INTENT
What is cumulative fatigue?
is repeated mild sleep restriction or tiredness due to being awake for extended hours across a
series of days
3 Levels of Situational Awareness
• Level 1 SA: perceiving critical factors in the environment
• Level 2 SA: understanding what those factors mean, particularly when integrated together
with your goals
• Level 3 SA: projection—understanding what will happen with the system in the near future
Who can petition OSHA?
if petitioned by other parties of relevance such as the Secretary of Health and Human
Services (HHS), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), state
and local governments, or any nationally recognized standards-producing organization.
Five Factor Model
Mission, Medium, Machine, Management, Human
Cumulative fatigue
