NR 507
Final Exam
Advanced Pathophysiology
100 Questions with Answers key & Rationales
Chamberlain
College of
Nursing 2026
Edition
Complete Study Guide for NR 507 Course Preparation
, NR 507 Final Exam - Advanced Pathophysiology | 100 Questions |
Chamberlain College of Nursing
1. A patient with ischemic heart disease has developed hypoxic injury to
myocardial cells. Which cellular change is MOST likely to occur FIRST in these
cells?
A. Nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis
B. Decreased ATP production and sodium-potassium pump failure
C. Release ofcytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm
D. Calcium influx triggering apoptotic enzyme cascades
2. A patient presents with a painless mass in the neck. Biopsy reveals cells with
increased
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli.
These findings MOST suggest:
A. Reversible cellular injury
B. Dysplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Metaplasia
3. A patient with chronic GERD has developed Barrett esophagus. This is an
example of which cellular adaptation?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Atrophy
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who has experienced massive crush injury to the
lower extremity. Lab results show elevated serum creatine kinase (CK),
myoglobin, and potassium. This pattern is MOST consistent with:
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
5. A child is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. This condition results from a
deficiency in which of the following?
A. Hexosaminidase A
,B. Glucocerebrosidase
C. Sphingomyelinase
D. Alpha-galactosidase A
, 6. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of cellular atrophy?
A. Increased workload
B. Decreased blood supply
C. Chronic inflammation
D. Hormonal stimulation
7. A patient with hyperplasia of the endometrium is MOST likely experiencing:
A. Unopposed estrogen stimulation
B. Progesterone dominance
C. Androgen excess
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency
8. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with fatigue, joint
pain, and a butterfly rash. Lab tests reveal antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The
pathophysiology of SLE is BEST described as:
A. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
B. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
C. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
9. A patient develops anaphylaxis after a bee sting. Which immunoglobulin is
PRIMARILY responsible for this reaction?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
10. A patient with HIV/AIDS has a CD4+ T-cell count of 180 cells/mcL. This patient
is at GREATEST risk for which of the following opportunistic infections?
A. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
B. Community-acquired pneumonia
C. Tuberculosis
D. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
11. A patient with a heart transplant develops signs of organ rejection 3 months
post-transplant. Biopsy shows mononuclear cell infiltration of the myocardium.
This is classified as:
A. Hyperacute rejection
Final Exam
Advanced Pathophysiology
100 Questions with Answers key & Rationales
Chamberlain
College of
Nursing 2026
Edition
Complete Study Guide for NR 507 Course Preparation
, NR 507 Final Exam - Advanced Pathophysiology | 100 Questions |
Chamberlain College of Nursing
1. A patient with ischemic heart disease has developed hypoxic injury to
myocardial cells. Which cellular change is MOST likely to occur FIRST in these
cells?
A. Nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis
B. Decreased ATP production and sodium-potassium pump failure
C. Release ofcytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm
D. Calcium influx triggering apoptotic enzyme cascades
2. A patient presents with a painless mass in the neck. Biopsy reveals cells with
increased
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli.
These findings MOST suggest:
A. Reversible cellular injury
B. Dysplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Metaplasia
3. A patient with chronic GERD has developed Barrett esophagus. This is an
example of which cellular adaptation?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Atrophy
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who has experienced massive crush injury to the
lower extremity. Lab results show elevated serum creatine kinase (CK),
myoglobin, and potassium. This pattern is MOST consistent with:
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
5. A child is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. This condition results from a
deficiency in which of the following?
A. Hexosaminidase A
,B. Glucocerebrosidase
C. Sphingomyelinase
D. Alpha-galactosidase A
, 6. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of cellular atrophy?
A. Increased workload
B. Decreased blood supply
C. Chronic inflammation
D. Hormonal stimulation
7. A patient with hyperplasia of the endometrium is MOST likely experiencing:
A. Unopposed estrogen stimulation
B. Progesterone dominance
C. Androgen excess
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency
8. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with fatigue, joint
pain, and a butterfly rash. Lab tests reveal antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The
pathophysiology of SLE is BEST described as:
A. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
B. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
C. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
9. A patient develops anaphylaxis after a bee sting. Which immunoglobulin is
PRIMARILY responsible for this reaction?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
10. A patient with HIV/AIDS has a CD4+ T-cell count of 180 cells/mcL. This patient
is at GREATEST risk for which of the following opportunistic infections?
A. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
B. Community-acquired pneumonia
C. Tuberculosis
D. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
11. A patient with a heart transplant develops signs of organ rejection 3 months
post-transplant. Biopsy shows mononuclear cell infiltration of the myocardium.
This is classified as:
A. Hyperacute rejection
