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Samenvatting Seksualiteit en Globalisering | A002320a | Universiteit Gent | 2025/26

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Samenvatting voor het vak Seksualiteit en Globalisering. Door enkel deze samenvatting mee te nemen naar het examen heb ik een 18/20 gehaald.

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SEKSUALITEIT EN
GLOBALISERING
Inhoud
1. seksualiteit en globalisering...........................................................................................4
1.1 Rode draad................................................................................................................ 5
voortkomen uit globalisering........................................................................................5
1.2. globalisering............................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1 enkele definities: processen en structuren..........................................................6
1.2.2 eerste omschrijving.............................................................................................6
1.2.3 dimensies van globalisering................................................................................7
1.3. culturele globalisering............................................................................................ 10
1.3.1 john tomlinson................................................................................................... 10
1.3.2 ideologische dimensie van globalisering............................................................11
1.4 welke globalisering.................................................................................................. 11
1.5 vigorous debate....................................................................................................... 11
1.6 globalisatietheorieen............................................................................................... 12
1.7 Globalisering als kwalitatieve sprong.......................................................................12
1.7.1 Symbolische stromen........................................................................................13
1.7.2 Afwezigheid van een ‘centrum’.........................................................................13
1.7.3 globale productie & producten..........................................................................13
1.7.4 vervagen van rol van de natiestaat...................................................................14
1.7.5 globalisering als breuk: problemen....................................................................14
1.8 gloablisering:tussenstop 1.......................................................................................14
1.8.1 ongelijkheid....................................................................................................... 15
1.8.2 seattle: WTO protesten (1999)..........................................................................15
1.9 globalisering als economisch proces........................................................................15
1.9.1 globalisering als kapitalisme..............................................................................15
1.9.2 neoliberalisme................................................................................................... 16
1.9.3 globalisering als imperialisme...........................................................................16
1.9.4 globale consumptie........................................................................................... 16
1.9.5 creatie van een global underclass.....................................................................17
1.9.6 gloablisering als kapitalisme: problemen...........................................................17
1.10 globalisering: tussenstop 2....................................................................................18
1.11 globalisering: het kan nog complexer....................................................................18
1.11.1 grobal/glocal/ & nothing/something.................................................................18


1

, 1.12 Aspecten van globalisering...................................................................................19
2. global seks – belang...................................................................................................... 19
Gestratificeerde reproductie.......................................................................................20
Seksualiteit en nationalisme.......................................................................................20
Reproductive justice movement.................................................................................21
2.1 Seksueel burgerschap.............................................................................................. 21
2.2 Globale transformaties............................................................................................ 22
2.3 Een (zeer) korte literatuuroverzicht.........................................................................22
Seksuele identiteit en culturele hybriditeit.................................................................22
Ongelijkheid en grenzen van liberalisering.................................................................23
Seksuele rechten en mensenrechtendiscours.............................................................23
Staat en seksualiteit................................................................................................... 23
Nationalisme & seksualiteit........................................................................................24
Sekstoerisme, consumptivisme en commodificatie....................................................24
2.4 Interessante literatuur............................................................................................. 24
3. mobiliteit en commercialisering....................................................................................25
3.1 global people flows.................................................................................................. 25
Introductie: in kaart – Global People Flows.................................................................25
mobiliteit en toerisme................................................................................................. 32
‘Trafficking’................................................................................................................. 32
trafficking: onderdelen............................................................................................... 37
vormen van trafficking................................................................................................ 38
mensenhandel als proces........................................................................................... 40
Ideologie: ‘traffiicking’ vs ‘(migrant) seks work’.........................................................46
Trafficking, leed, agency & ideologie..........................................................................46
History repeats itself? ‘White Slavery’........................................................................46
Happy hookers............................................................................................................ 47
Heisa over het protocol: voor en na............................................................................47
Verschillende houdingen omtrent sekswerk...............................................................48
Van ‘necessary evil’ naar ‘social value’......................................................................48
Sekswerk: what’s in a name? – wat wordt er mee bedoeld?.......................................49
achtegronden............................................................................................................. 52
Interior colonization.................................................................................................... 53
Andrea Dworkin (1946-2005)......................................................................................55
Pornography & censorship.......................................................................................... 55
Anti-anti pornography feminism.................................................................................56
1982: Barnard conference.......................................................................................... 56
Counter – conference.................................................................................................. 57


2

, Prostitution & trafficking............................................................................................. 57
Global alliance against trafficking in women..............................................................60
‘carceral feminism’..................................................................................................... 62
Laura Maria Agustin.................................................................................................... 62
The seks in ‘seks trafficking’.......................................................................................63
Global seks workers.................................................................................................... 63
Feministisch racisme.................................................................................................. 64
3.3. Sekstoerisme – mannelijk en vrouwelijk.................................................................64
Seks, werk, migratie & (seks)toerisme.......................................................................64
Mobiliteit: migratie en toerisme..................................................................................64
UNWTO....................................................................................................................... 65
Klassiek beeld............................................................................................................. 65
Case – thailand (‘the global brothel’)..........................................................................66
Persoonlijke waarde.................................................................................................... 69
sekstoerisme dimensies................................................................................................. 69
beeldvorming............................................................................................................. 69
Anti-prostitutie-gericht............................................................................................... 69
Sekswerk- gericht....................................................................................................... 70
Seks, werk, migratie & (seks)toerisme.......................................................................70
Global seks workers.................................................................................................... 71
Uitgebreide modellen sekstoerisme............................................................................72
Tijdframes en contexten............................................................................................. 75
Kempadoo over de caraiben.......................................................................................76
Vrouwelijke sekstoerisme.............................................................................................. 78
Vrouwelijk Sekstoerisme: Perspectieven op Globalisering en Romantiek...................78
Het Academisch Debat: Romantiek of Sekstoerisme?................................................79
Postkoloniale Context en Motivaties...........................................................................80
Mannelijke sekstoerisme................................................................................................ 82
4. seksuele en reproductieve gezondheid en rechten.......................................................82
1. Globalisering en Seks – een breed perspectief.......................................................82
2. Thema’s.................................................................................................................. 83
3. Altman: Universalism & Diversity...........................................................................83
4. Seksuele gezondheid en Seksuele rechten.............................................................83
5. Naar ‘Seksuele rechten’.......................................................................................... 83
6. WHO & Seksuele Gezondheid.................................................................................85
te kennen teksten – 19 teksten......................................................................................... 86
1.1 Wat is globalisering?................................................................................................ 86
Held & McGrew 2002.................................................................................................. 86


3

, Steger extract – globalization: a contested concept...................................................87
Sparks – what’s wrong with globalization...................................................................88
Ritzer – rethinking globalization: glocalization/grobalization and something/nothing. 90
1.2 Seksualiteit en globalisering....................................................................................92
Altman – sexuality and globalization..........................................................................93
farr – seksualiteit en globalisering..............................................................................93
2.1 global people flows.................................................................................................. 95
freeman – people flows in globalization xxx...............................................................95
2.2 trafficking............................................................................................................... 96
Palermo protocol........................................................................................................ 96
agustin – the disappearing of a migration: migrants who sell sex..............................97
Jeffreys – faminists and the global seks industry........................................................98
O’connel davidson – will the real seks slave please stand up.....................................99
Miriam – stopping the traffic in women.....................................................................100
2.3 sekstoerisme......................................................................................................... 102
Williams from ritzer – seks tourisme.........................................................................102
Ryan & hall – paradigms of sex tourism....................................................................103
Opperman – seks tourism......................................................................................... 104
2.4 vrouwelijke sekstoerisme.......................................................................................105
Jeffreys – vrouwelijk toerisme: do woman do it too?.................................................105
Sanchez taylor – femal seks tourism: contradiction in terms....................................106
smith – privileges and problems female seks tourism..............................................107
2.3 de klant (nieuwe literatuur)...................................................................................108
Monto in weitzer – prostitues customers...................................................................108
Pitts et al – who pays for seks and why?...................................................................109
3. Seksuele en reproductieve gezondheid en rechten.................................................110
WHO......................................................................................................................... 110
Petchesky!!!............................................................................................................. 111

1. SEKSUALITEIT EN GLOBALISERING
Seksualiteit’ & ‘Globalisering’:

2 ‘gecontesteerde’ woorden

1. Geen consensus over waar ze precies voor staan
2. Noch over hoe ze best te bestuderen

Deze les: introductie op lessenreeks door een breder kader te schetsen – focus op
theorieën inzake globalisering

⁻ Intuïtief lijken we allemaal wel te weten waar ‘globalisering’ voor staat, wat het is
en wat er de effecten van zijn.
⁻ Maar … waar hebben we het dan over als we het over ‘globalisering’ hebben?

4

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