Portage Learning BIOD 151 Final
Exam Requires Respondus
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Essential Human Anatomy and
Physiology I
Course
BIOD 151 - BIOD 151
1. Which level of biological organization consists of similar cells performing a common
function?
A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. Organ system
D. Organism
✅ Correct Answer: B. Tissue
Rationale
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. Examples
include epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
✅ Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale
Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration and are often referred to as the
"powerhouses" of the cell.
,3. Which body cavity contains the lungs?
A. Peritoneal
B. Pleural
C. Pericardial
D. Cranial
✅ Correct Answer: B. Pleural
Rationale
Each lung occupies its own pleural cavity within the thoracic cavity.
4. Which directional term means "toward the head"?
A. Inferior
B. Distal
C. Superior
D. Posterior
✅ Correct Answer: C. Superior
Rationale
Superior (cranial) indicates a position toward the head or upper part of the body.
5. Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
A. Muscle
B. Nervous
C. Epithelial
D. Connective
✅ Correct Answer: C. Epithelial
Rationale
Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings, lines internal cavities, and forms glands.
,6. Which connective tissue is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?
A. Bone
B. Cartilage
C. Blood
D. Tendon
✅ Correct Answer: C. Blood
Rationale
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
7. Which membrane surrounds the heart?
A. Pleura
B. Peritoneum
C. Pericardium
D. Meninges
✅ Correct Answer: C. Pericardium
Rationale
The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that encloses and protects the heart.
8. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerves?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Stratum corneum
D. Hypodermis only
✅ Correct Answer: B. Dermis
Rationale
, The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.
9. Which epidermal layer is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells?
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum spinosum
C. Stratum corneum
D. Stratum germinativum
✅ Correct Answer: C. Stratum corneum
Rationale
The stratum corneum forms the outer protective barrier of the skin.
10. Which pigment provides protection against ultraviolet radiation?
A. Keratin
B. Melanin
C. Collagen
D. Elastin
✅ Correct Answer: B. Melanin
Rationale
Melanin absorbs UV radiation and helps protect skin cells from DNA damage.
11. Which bone is classified as a long bone?
A. Femur
B. Sternum
C. Scapula
D. Vertebra
✅ Correct Answer: A. Femur
Exam Requires Respondus
LockDown Browser Webcam
Essential Human Anatomy and
Physiology I
Course
BIOD 151 - BIOD 151
1. Which level of biological organization consists of similar cells performing a common
function?
A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. Organ system
D. Organism
✅ Correct Answer: B. Tissue
Rationale
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. Examples
include epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
✅ Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale
Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration and are often referred to as the
"powerhouses" of the cell.
,3. Which body cavity contains the lungs?
A. Peritoneal
B. Pleural
C. Pericardial
D. Cranial
✅ Correct Answer: B. Pleural
Rationale
Each lung occupies its own pleural cavity within the thoracic cavity.
4. Which directional term means "toward the head"?
A. Inferior
B. Distal
C. Superior
D. Posterior
✅ Correct Answer: C. Superior
Rationale
Superior (cranial) indicates a position toward the head or upper part of the body.
5. Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
A. Muscle
B. Nervous
C. Epithelial
D. Connective
✅ Correct Answer: C. Epithelial
Rationale
Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings, lines internal cavities, and forms glands.
,6. Which connective tissue is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?
A. Bone
B. Cartilage
C. Blood
D. Tendon
✅ Correct Answer: C. Blood
Rationale
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
7. Which membrane surrounds the heart?
A. Pleura
B. Peritoneum
C. Pericardium
D. Meninges
✅ Correct Answer: C. Pericardium
Rationale
The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that encloses and protects the heart.
8. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerves?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Stratum corneum
D. Hypodermis only
✅ Correct Answer: B. Dermis
Rationale
, The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.
9. Which epidermal layer is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells?
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum spinosum
C. Stratum corneum
D. Stratum germinativum
✅ Correct Answer: C. Stratum corneum
Rationale
The stratum corneum forms the outer protective barrier of the skin.
10. Which pigment provides protection against ultraviolet radiation?
A. Keratin
B. Melanin
C. Collagen
D. Elastin
✅ Correct Answer: B. Melanin
Rationale
Melanin absorbs UV radiation and helps protect skin cells from DNA damage.
11. Which bone is classified as a long bone?
A. Femur
B. Sternum
C. Scapula
D. Vertebra
✅ Correct Answer: A. Femur
