NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 2.
Latest 2026-2027. Questions & Correct
Answers. Graded A
Explain hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSneuropsychiatric syndrome from
too much ammonia in the blood as the liver cannot break it down. results in
dementia and psychotic symptoms common along with jerking
Explain hypo motility phase - ANSthe bile is stasis allowing the stones to
grow more
Explain incubation stage of syphillis - ANSoccurs for 10 to 90 days after
first infected. No symptoms are noted
Explain late stage of syphillis - ANSmost destructive phase, causes major
cardiovascular and central nervous system damage, blindness and paresis
to bones. It is fatal
Explain latent stage of syphillis - ANSno symptoms present but the person
still has the bacteria in their body, person still contagious and can last up to
40 years
Explain nucleation phase - ANSthe bile crystals begin to stick together and
become larger stones
1
,Explain polydipsia - ANSincreased thirst
Explain polyphagia - ANSincreased hunger
Explain polyuria - ANSincreased urination
Explain primary stage of syphillis - ANSa painless, single chancre ulcer is
formed at the port of entry, usually on the genitals. May resolve in 3-6
weeks
Explain secondary stage of syphillis - ANSa person will have a head to toe
rash accompanied by hepatitis, meningitis and nephritis, fevers, malaise,
sore throat, headache, and lymphadenopathy. Bacteria spreads
Explain supersaturation phase - ANSbile is saturated with cholesterol,
causing precipitation of cholesterol
Explain the the complication of anemia from CKD - ANSlack of
erythropoietin that the kidney produces to make new RBC's. Uremia
shortens RBC lifespan
Explain the the complication of bone and mineral disorders from CKD -
ANSelevated phosphorus and PTH causes altered bone or mineral
metabolism as the kidneys cannot reabsorb calcium
2
, Explain the the complication of depression from CKD - ANSfrom the
disease, disruption of social interactions and relationships due to long
hours and days at dialysis
Explain the the complication of electrolyte imbalances from CKD -
ANSthere will be more potassium, phosphorus and magnesium retained
Explain the the complication of hypertension/cardiovascular disease from
CKD - ANScauses excess fluid in the blood, increase of plaque in the
vessels, hypervolemia, the heart must work harder
Explain the the complication of malnutrition from CKD - ANSdecreased
food intake, depression, dietary limitations with what they can eat
Explain the the complication of metabolic acidosis from CKD - ANSthere is
retention of acidic wastes that can cause hyperkalemia and arrhythmias
Explain the the complication of pain from CKD - ANS: from disease,
treatment, comorbidities
Explain the the complication of uremic syndrome from CKD - ANSmetabolic
waste can't leave, it can precipitate on the skin as frost
Explain what ascites is? - ANSpathological accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity due to the loss of albumin in the liver, causing fluid to be
free amongst the cells. It can cause a lot of pain in the abdomen, and it
must be drained with a parenthesis
3
Latest 2026-2027. Questions & Correct
Answers. Graded A
Explain hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSneuropsychiatric syndrome from
too much ammonia in the blood as the liver cannot break it down. results in
dementia and psychotic symptoms common along with jerking
Explain hypo motility phase - ANSthe bile is stasis allowing the stones to
grow more
Explain incubation stage of syphillis - ANSoccurs for 10 to 90 days after
first infected. No symptoms are noted
Explain late stage of syphillis - ANSmost destructive phase, causes major
cardiovascular and central nervous system damage, blindness and paresis
to bones. It is fatal
Explain latent stage of syphillis - ANSno symptoms present but the person
still has the bacteria in their body, person still contagious and can last up to
40 years
Explain nucleation phase - ANSthe bile crystals begin to stick together and
become larger stones
1
,Explain polydipsia - ANSincreased thirst
Explain polyphagia - ANSincreased hunger
Explain polyuria - ANSincreased urination
Explain primary stage of syphillis - ANSa painless, single chancre ulcer is
formed at the port of entry, usually on the genitals. May resolve in 3-6
weeks
Explain secondary stage of syphillis - ANSa person will have a head to toe
rash accompanied by hepatitis, meningitis and nephritis, fevers, malaise,
sore throat, headache, and lymphadenopathy. Bacteria spreads
Explain supersaturation phase - ANSbile is saturated with cholesterol,
causing precipitation of cholesterol
Explain the the complication of anemia from CKD - ANSlack of
erythropoietin that the kidney produces to make new RBC's. Uremia
shortens RBC lifespan
Explain the the complication of bone and mineral disorders from CKD -
ANSelevated phosphorus and PTH causes altered bone or mineral
metabolism as the kidneys cannot reabsorb calcium
2
, Explain the the complication of depression from CKD - ANSfrom the
disease, disruption of social interactions and relationships due to long
hours and days at dialysis
Explain the the complication of electrolyte imbalances from CKD -
ANSthere will be more potassium, phosphorus and magnesium retained
Explain the the complication of hypertension/cardiovascular disease from
CKD - ANScauses excess fluid in the blood, increase of plaque in the
vessels, hypervolemia, the heart must work harder
Explain the the complication of malnutrition from CKD - ANSdecreased
food intake, depression, dietary limitations with what they can eat
Explain the the complication of metabolic acidosis from CKD - ANSthere is
retention of acidic wastes that can cause hyperkalemia and arrhythmias
Explain the the complication of pain from CKD - ANS: from disease,
treatment, comorbidities
Explain the the complication of uremic syndrome from CKD - ANSmetabolic
waste can't leave, it can precipitate on the skin as frost
Explain what ascites is? - ANSpathological accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity due to the loss of albumin in the liver, causing fluid to be
free amongst the cells. It can cause a lot of pain in the abdomen, and it
must be drained with a parenthesis
3
