NSG-316 EXAM 3 2026 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ what does the second heart sound indicate?
Answer: closure of the semilunar valves (end of systole)
◉ what does the third heart sound indicate?
Answer: ventricular gallop, occurs with heart failure and volume
overload
◉ what does the fourth heart sound indicate?
Answer: atrial gallop, occurs with coronary artery disease
◉ what conditions create a murmur?
Answer: increased velocity of blood, decreased blood viscosity (ex
anemia), unusual openings occur in the chambers (ex dilated
chamber/septal defect), and structural defects in the valves (ex
stenotic/narrowed valve, or an incompetent/regurgitant valve)
◉ what does the P wave indicate?
Answer: atrial depolarization
,◉ what happens during the PR interval?
Answer: atrial depolarization and the impulse travels through the AV
node to the ventricles
◉ what happens during the QRS complex?
Answer: depolarization of the ventricles
◉ what happens during the T wave?
Answer: repolarization of the ventricles
◉ What is cardiac output?
Answer: the volume of blood in each systole times the number of
beats per minute
◉ what lifestyle factors could affect the development of
cardiovascular disease?
Answer: smoking, diet, alcohol use, exercise, and stress
◉ what is the term for the thickening/stiffening of the large
arteries?
Answer: arteriosclerosis
◉ What is angina pectoris?
,Answer: chest pain caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen
to the heart
◉ what is dyspnea?
Answer: difficulty breathing/shortness of breath
◉ What is orthopnea?
Answer: difficulty breathing while lying down
◉ what is a bruit?
Answer: blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence
and is a marker for atherosclerosis
◉ where do you place your stethoscope to listen for bruits on the
carotid artery?
Answer: angle of the jaw
midcervical area
base of the neck
◉ how do you distinugish the internal jugular pulse from the carotid
pulse?
Answer: it is lower and more lateral, varies with respiration, not
palpable, and drops/disappears when a person sits up.
, ◉ what is a heave?
Answer: More prominent thrust of the heart against the chest wall
during systole (ventricular hypertrophy-->increased workload)
◉ where can you find the apical pulse?
Answer: 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
◉ what conditions cause the apical pulse to become unpalpable?
Answer: pulmonary emphysema (overriding lungs), position,
obsesity, and thick chest walls
◉ what conditions cause the apical pulse to become stronger?
Answer: anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism, and anemia
◉ What is a thrill?
Answer: palpable vibration, which signifies turbulent blood flow
◉ where is the aortic valve area?
Answer: second right interspace at the right sternal border
◉ where is the pulmonic valve area?
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ what does the second heart sound indicate?
Answer: closure of the semilunar valves (end of systole)
◉ what does the third heart sound indicate?
Answer: ventricular gallop, occurs with heart failure and volume
overload
◉ what does the fourth heart sound indicate?
Answer: atrial gallop, occurs with coronary artery disease
◉ what conditions create a murmur?
Answer: increased velocity of blood, decreased blood viscosity (ex
anemia), unusual openings occur in the chambers (ex dilated
chamber/septal defect), and structural defects in the valves (ex
stenotic/narrowed valve, or an incompetent/regurgitant valve)
◉ what does the P wave indicate?
Answer: atrial depolarization
,◉ what happens during the PR interval?
Answer: atrial depolarization and the impulse travels through the AV
node to the ventricles
◉ what happens during the QRS complex?
Answer: depolarization of the ventricles
◉ what happens during the T wave?
Answer: repolarization of the ventricles
◉ What is cardiac output?
Answer: the volume of blood in each systole times the number of
beats per minute
◉ what lifestyle factors could affect the development of
cardiovascular disease?
Answer: smoking, diet, alcohol use, exercise, and stress
◉ what is the term for the thickening/stiffening of the large
arteries?
Answer: arteriosclerosis
◉ What is angina pectoris?
,Answer: chest pain caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen
to the heart
◉ what is dyspnea?
Answer: difficulty breathing/shortness of breath
◉ What is orthopnea?
Answer: difficulty breathing while lying down
◉ what is a bruit?
Answer: blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence
and is a marker for atherosclerosis
◉ where do you place your stethoscope to listen for bruits on the
carotid artery?
Answer: angle of the jaw
midcervical area
base of the neck
◉ how do you distinugish the internal jugular pulse from the carotid
pulse?
Answer: it is lower and more lateral, varies with respiration, not
palpable, and drops/disappears when a person sits up.
, ◉ what is a heave?
Answer: More prominent thrust of the heart against the chest wall
during systole (ventricular hypertrophy-->increased workload)
◉ where can you find the apical pulse?
Answer: 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
◉ what conditions cause the apical pulse to become unpalpable?
Answer: pulmonary emphysema (overriding lungs), position,
obsesity, and thick chest walls
◉ what conditions cause the apical pulse to become stronger?
Answer: anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism, and anemia
◉ What is a thrill?
Answer: palpable vibration, which signifies turbulent blood flow
◉ where is the aortic valve area?
Answer: second right interspace at the right sternal border
◉ where is the pulmonic valve area?
