NSG 5003 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE DISEASE PROCESS
REVIEW SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Absorption atelectasis
Answer: see Atelectasis.
●● Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe
disease)
Answer: an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle
and nerve cells throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in
the lysosome attributable to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-
glucosidase enzyme. The buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle
weakness (myopathy) throughout the body and affects various body
tissues, particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous
system.
●● Acne
Answer: a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face,
chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged
with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria.
●● Acne conglobata
,Answer: severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses,
communicating sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not
affect the face.
●● Acne rosacea
Answer: a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle
portion of the face appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of
capillaries.
●● Acne vulgaris
Answer: an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually
occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads,
cysts, papules, and pustules.
●● Noninflammatory acne
Answer: open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a
plug resulting from the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the
hair follicle and by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore
remains closed; they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin.
●● Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Answer: see Immune deficiency.
●● Acquired sideroblastic anemia
,Answer: see Anemia.
●● ACTH deficiency
Answer: a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in
a reduction in the secretion of adrenal hormones and subsequent weight
loss, lack of appetite, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood
pressure.
●● Actinic keratosis
Answer: a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot
appears on skin chronically exposed to the sun.
●● Acute chest syndrome
Answer: a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease
defined by a new infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or
more new symptoms: fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or
hypoxia. It occurs most commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and
declines in incidence with age.
●● Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
Answer: a massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill
patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by significant
dilation of the cecum and absence of mechanical obstruction, and is
related to excessive sympathetic motor input or decreased
parasympathetic motor input.
, ●● Acute confusional state (ACS)
Answer: a form of delirium caused by interference with the metabolic or
other biochemical processes essential for normal brain functioning.
Symptoms may include disturbances in cognition and levels of
awareness, short-term memory deficit, retrograde and anterograde
amnesia, and disturbances in orientation, accompanied by restlessness,
apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition may be associated
with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic psychosis, or acute brain
syndrome.
●● Acute coronary syndrome
Answer: a classification encompassing clinical presentations ranging
from unstable angina through infarction.
●● Acute cystitis
Answer: an inflammation of the bladder, which is the most common site
of urinary tract infection.
●● Acute epiglottitis
Answer: an infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis and
surrounding tissues and may lead to upper airway blockage.
●● Acute gastritis
COMPREHENSIVE DISEASE PROCESS
REVIEW SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Absorption atelectasis
Answer: see Atelectasis.
●● Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe
disease)
Answer: an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle
and nerve cells throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in
the lysosome attributable to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-
glucosidase enzyme. The buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle
weakness (myopathy) throughout the body and affects various body
tissues, particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous
system.
●● Acne
Answer: a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face,
chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged
with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria.
●● Acne conglobata
,Answer: severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses,
communicating sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not
affect the face.
●● Acne rosacea
Answer: a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle
portion of the face appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of
capillaries.
●● Acne vulgaris
Answer: an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually
occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads,
cysts, papules, and pustules.
●● Noninflammatory acne
Answer: open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a
plug resulting from the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the
hair follicle and by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore
remains closed; they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin.
●● Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Answer: see Immune deficiency.
●● Acquired sideroblastic anemia
,Answer: see Anemia.
●● ACTH deficiency
Answer: a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in
a reduction in the secretion of adrenal hormones and subsequent weight
loss, lack of appetite, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood
pressure.
●● Actinic keratosis
Answer: a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot
appears on skin chronically exposed to the sun.
●● Acute chest syndrome
Answer: a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease
defined by a new infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or
more new symptoms: fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or
hypoxia. It occurs most commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and
declines in incidence with age.
●● Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
Answer: a massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill
patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by significant
dilation of the cecum and absence of mechanical obstruction, and is
related to excessive sympathetic motor input or decreased
parasympathetic motor input.
, ●● Acute confusional state (ACS)
Answer: a form of delirium caused by interference with the metabolic or
other biochemical processes essential for normal brain functioning.
Symptoms may include disturbances in cognition and levels of
awareness, short-term memory deficit, retrograde and anterograde
amnesia, and disturbances in orientation, accompanied by restlessness,
apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition may be associated
with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic psychosis, or acute brain
syndrome.
●● Acute coronary syndrome
Answer: a classification encompassing clinical presentations ranging
from unstable angina through infarction.
●● Acute cystitis
Answer: an inflammation of the bladder, which is the most common site
of urinary tract infection.
●● Acute epiglottitis
Answer: an infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis and
surrounding tissues and may lead to upper airway blockage.
●● Acute gastritis
