NBCE PART I SPINAL ANATOMY
TEST BANK 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Which spinal cord anchor is an extension of the pia mater preventing
lateral movement of the spinal cord? Answer: Denticulate ligaments
◉ What somites give rise to the vertebral column? Answer:
Sclerotomes
◉ What germ layer gives rise to somites? Answer: Paraxial mesoderm
(From mesoderm)
◉ What is the process of differentiation from Mesoderm to
Perichondral disk? Answer: Mesoderm --> Paraxial mesoderm -->
Somites --> Sclerotomes --(migrate around spinal cord)--> Perichondrial
blastima --> perichordal fissures --> perichondral disk
◉ What do sclerotomes differentiate into? Answer: Myotomes and
dermatomes
◉ What is the intrasclerotomal fissue? Answer: Fissure between
sclerotomites of perichondral blastema and give rise to perichordal disc
,◉ What is the perichordal disc? Answer: in the location of the
intervertebral disk
◉ How many primary ossification centers are there in a typical
vertebra? Answer: 3
◉ When do the primary ossification centers of a typical vertebrae
arise? Answer: BEFORE birth
◉ What are the primary ossification centers of a typical vertebra?
Answer: 1 in vertebral body (centrum)
2 pairs along vertebral arch (neural arch)
◉ What template does the ossification of the primary and secondary
ossification centers use? Answer: Cartilaginous template where centers
grow toward one another, decreasing the cartilage
◉ What of the cartilaginous template remains during ossification of a
typical vertebra? Answer: Cartilage synchondrosis joint
◉ How many secondary ossification centers are there in a typical
vertebra? Answer: 5
,◉ When do the secondary ossification centers in a typical vertebra
arise? Answer: Between birth and late puberty
◉ Where are the 5 secondary ossification centers in a typical vertebra?
Answer: 2 at epiphyseal plate region (superior and inferior)
2 for tips of transverse processes
1 for tip of spinous process
◉ Where are the cartilage synchondrosis joints in vertebra ossification
located? Answer: Between the primary ossification centers (body &
arch)
Synchondrosis for each secondary (epiphyseal ring synchondrosis, tip of
transverse process synchondrosis, tip of spinous process synchondrosis)
◉ Failure of 2 neural arches to ossify normally posteriorly can result in
what pathology? Answer: Spina bifida
◉ What is it called when one ossification center fails to develop and
only half of the vertebra body remains? Answer: Hemivertebra
(cuneiform vertebra)
, ◉ Hemivertebra causes what to develop in the spine? Answer: Lateral
curvature
◉ What is the primary curvature of the spine? Answer: Kyphotic
◉ What is the secondary curvature of the spine? Answer: Lordotic
◉ Which curvature is the posterior curvature? The anterior curvature?
Answer: Posterior = Kyphotic
Anterior = Lordotic
◉ What curvatures are present at birth? Which is a developmental
milestone? Answer: Birth = Kyphotic
Development = Lordotic
◉ In what areas of the spine is there a Kyphotic (posterior/primary)
curvature? Answer: Thoracics
Sacrococcygeal
◉ In what areas of the spine is there a Lordotic (anterior/secondary)
curvature? Answer: Cervical
TEST BANK 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Which spinal cord anchor is an extension of the pia mater preventing
lateral movement of the spinal cord? Answer: Denticulate ligaments
◉ What somites give rise to the vertebral column? Answer:
Sclerotomes
◉ What germ layer gives rise to somites? Answer: Paraxial mesoderm
(From mesoderm)
◉ What is the process of differentiation from Mesoderm to
Perichondral disk? Answer: Mesoderm --> Paraxial mesoderm -->
Somites --> Sclerotomes --(migrate around spinal cord)--> Perichondrial
blastima --> perichordal fissures --> perichondral disk
◉ What do sclerotomes differentiate into? Answer: Myotomes and
dermatomes
◉ What is the intrasclerotomal fissue? Answer: Fissure between
sclerotomites of perichondral blastema and give rise to perichordal disc
,◉ What is the perichordal disc? Answer: in the location of the
intervertebral disk
◉ How many primary ossification centers are there in a typical
vertebra? Answer: 3
◉ When do the primary ossification centers of a typical vertebrae
arise? Answer: BEFORE birth
◉ What are the primary ossification centers of a typical vertebra?
Answer: 1 in vertebral body (centrum)
2 pairs along vertebral arch (neural arch)
◉ What template does the ossification of the primary and secondary
ossification centers use? Answer: Cartilaginous template where centers
grow toward one another, decreasing the cartilage
◉ What of the cartilaginous template remains during ossification of a
typical vertebra? Answer: Cartilage synchondrosis joint
◉ How many secondary ossification centers are there in a typical
vertebra? Answer: 5
,◉ When do the secondary ossification centers in a typical vertebra
arise? Answer: Between birth and late puberty
◉ Where are the 5 secondary ossification centers in a typical vertebra?
Answer: 2 at epiphyseal plate region (superior and inferior)
2 for tips of transverse processes
1 for tip of spinous process
◉ Where are the cartilage synchondrosis joints in vertebra ossification
located? Answer: Between the primary ossification centers (body &
arch)
Synchondrosis for each secondary (epiphyseal ring synchondrosis, tip of
transverse process synchondrosis, tip of spinous process synchondrosis)
◉ Failure of 2 neural arches to ossify normally posteriorly can result in
what pathology? Answer: Spina bifida
◉ What is it called when one ossification center fails to develop and
only half of the vertebra body remains? Answer: Hemivertebra
(cuneiform vertebra)
, ◉ Hemivertebra causes what to develop in the spine? Answer: Lateral
curvature
◉ What is the primary curvature of the spine? Answer: Kyphotic
◉ What is the secondary curvature of the spine? Answer: Lordotic
◉ Which curvature is the posterior curvature? The anterior curvature?
Answer: Posterior = Kyphotic
Anterior = Lordotic
◉ What curvatures are present at birth? Which is a developmental
milestone? Answer: Birth = Kyphotic
Development = Lordotic
◉ In what areas of the spine is there a Kyphotic (posterior/primary)
curvature? Answer: Thoracics
Sacrococcygeal
◉ In what areas of the spine is there a Lordotic (anterior/secondary)
curvature? Answer: Cervical
