NUR 2063 NUR2063 Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Latest
for Rasmussen
Course
NUR 2063 (NUR2063)
Question 1
A patient with prolonged vomiting is most likely to develop which acid-base imbalance?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: D. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Vomiting causes excessive loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, increasing
serum bicarbonate and producing metabolic alkalosis.
Question 2
Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium disrupts cardiac conduction and increases the risk of ventricular
arrhythmias.
Question 3
The hormone primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys is:
,A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: ADH acts on the collecting ducts to conserve water and concentrate urine.
Question 4
Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?
A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Addison disease
Correct Answer: B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes develops primarily because body tissues become resistant to insulin.
Question 5
The hallmark clinical manifestation of Graves disease is:
A. Weight gain
B. Bradycardia
C. Heat intolerance
D. Cold intolerance
Correct Answer: C. Heat intolerance
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolism, causing heat intolerance, tachycardia, and
weight loss.
,Question 6
A patient with chronic kidney disease is most likely to develop:
A. Polycythemia
B. Anemia
C. Leukocytosis
D. Thrombocytosis
Correct Answer: B. Anemia
Rationale: Diseased kidneys produce less erythropoietin, reducing red blood cell production.
Question 7
Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and flattened T waves?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Question 8
Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance by controlling
bicarbonate?
A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Kidneys
D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C. Kidneys
, Question 9
The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
A. Viral infection
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
C. Stress only
D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: B. Helicobacter pylori infection
Question 10
Diabetic ketoacidosis most commonly occurs in:
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Gestational diabetes
D. Prediabetes
Correct Answer: A. Type 1 diabetes
Question 11
Which hormone lowers blood glucose?
A. Glucagon
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: D. Insulin
Question 12
The primary function of aldosterone is to:
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Latest
for Rasmussen
Course
NUR 2063 (NUR2063)
Question 1
A patient with prolonged vomiting is most likely to develop which acid-base imbalance?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: D. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Vomiting causes excessive loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, increasing
serum bicarbonate and producing metabolic alkalosis.
Question 2
Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium disrupts cardiac conduction and increases the risk of ventricular
arrhythmias.
Question 3
The hormone primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys is:
,A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: ADH acts on the collecting ducts to conserve water and concentrate urine.
Question 4
Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?
A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Addison disease
Correct Answer: B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes develops primarily because body tissues become resistant to insulin.
Question 5
The hallmark clinical manifestation of Graves disease is:
A. Weight gain
B. Bradycardia
C. Heat intolerance
D. Cold intolerance
Correct Answer: C. Heat intolerance
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolism, causing heat intolerance, tachycardia, and
weight loss.
,Question 6
A patient with chronic kidney disease is most likely to develop:
A. Polycythemia
B. Anemia
C. Leukocytosis
D. Thrombocytosis
Correct Answer: B. Anemia
Rationale: Diseased kidneys produce less erythropoietin, reducing red blood cell production.
Question 7
Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and flattened T waves?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Question 8
Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance by controlling
bicarbonate?
A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Kidneys
D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C. Kidneys
, Question 9
The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
A. Viral infection
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
C. Stress only
D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: B. Helicobacter pylori infection
Question 10
Diabetic ketoacidosis most commonly occurs in:
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Gestational diabetes
D. Prediabetes
Correct Answer: A. Type 1 diabetes
Question 11
Which hormone lowers blood glucose?
A. Glucagon
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: D. Insulin
Question 12
The primary function of aldosterone is to:
