NUR 325 EXAM 2 (ASU) NEWEST 2026/ 2027 ACTUAL
EXAM TEST BANK| NUR325 HEALTH AND ILLNESS
CONCEPTS I EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 300
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What nursing intervention decreases the risk for catheter associated
urinary tract infection (CAUTI)?
a. Cleanse the urinary meatus 3-4 times daily with antiseptic solution.
b. Hang the urinary drainage bag below the level with the bladder.
c. Empty the urinary drainage bag daily.
d. Irrigate the urinary catheter with sterile water. - Correct Answer - B
Evidenced based interventions shown to decrease the risk for CAUTI
include ensuring that there is a free flow of urine from the catheter to the
drainage bag.
What should the nurse teach a young woman with a history of urinary
tract infections about UTI prevention? (Select all that apply.)
a. Keep the bowels regular.
b. Limit water intake to 1-2 glasses a day
c. Wear cotton underwear
d. Cleanse the perineum from front to back.
e. Practice pelvic muscle exercise (Kegel) daily. - Correct Answer - ACD
All are interventions that lead to healthy bladder habits. Adequate
hydration will ensure that the bladder is regularly flushed out and will
help prevent a UTI. Pelvic muscle exercises promote pelvic health but
not necessarily prevent UTI.
pg. 1
,An elderly patient comes to the hospital with a complaint of severe
weakness and diarrhea for several days. Of the following problems,
which is the most important to assess initially?
a. Malnutrition
b. Dehydration
c. Skin breakdown
d. Incontinence - Correct Answer - B
Dehydration caused by fluid loss from the intestinal tract is an
immediate and possibly dangerous consequence of diarrhea.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease
(PUD). The patient was prescribed the proton pump inhibitor Prevacid
(lansoprazole). Which of the following supplements may be prescribed
to prevent deficiency?
a. Vitamin B12
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin D
d. Omega-3 fatty acids - Correct Answer - A
Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur as a result of the reduced gastric
acidity associated with use of proton pump inhibitors, and
supplementation is often warranted. Vitamin C deficiency is not a known
deficiency associated with medications. Vitamin D deficiency may occur
in patients who take cholesterol medication, and this link is currently
being investigated. Omega-3 fatty acids may be used as monotherapy or
in conjunction with cholesterol medication for patients with
hyperlipidemia.
pg. 2
,A nurse in a home setting is assessing a 79-year-old male patient's risk
for malnutrition. The nurse suspects malnutrition when reviewing which
laboratory results? (Select all that apply.)
a. Body mass index (BMI) of 17
b. Waist-to-hip ratio of 1.0
c. Weight loss of 6% since last month's visit
d. Prealbumin level of 16 mg/dL
e. Hematocrit level of 50%
f. Hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL - Correct Answer - A C F
A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is normal, and this patient's BMI is below normal;
a major weight loss is defined as more than a 2% weight change over 1
week; and the expected hemoglobin level for a man is 14 to 18 g/dL.
The patient's values may also indicate dehydration. The expected level
for prealbumin is 15 to 36 mg/dL. A hematocrit level of 50% is within
normal limits.
Which serum potassium result best supports the rationale for
administering a stat dose of IV potassium chloride 20 mEq in 200 mL of
normal saline over 2 hours?
a. 3.1 mEq/L
b. 3.9 mEq/L
c. 4.6 mEq/L
d. 5.3 mEq/L - Correct Answer - A
The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. This IV
order provides a substantial amount of potassium. Thus the patient's
potassium level must be low. The only low value shown is 3.1 mEq/L.
pg. 3
, You receive a physician's order to change a patient's IV from D5½ NS
with 40 mEq KCl/L to D5NS with 20 mEq KCl/L. Which serum
laboratory values on this same patient best support the rationale for this
IV order change?
a. Sodium, 136 mEq/L; potassium, 3.6 mEq/L
b. Sodium, 145 mEq/L; potassium, 4.8 mEq/L
c. Sodium, 135 mEq/L; potassium, 4.5 mEq/L
d. Sodium, 144 mEq/L; potassium, 3.7 mEq/L - Correct Answer - C
The normal range for serum sodium is 135 to 145 mEq/L, and the
normal range for potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. The change in the IV
order decreases the amount of potassium and increases the amount of
sodium. Therefore, for this order to be appropriate, the potassium level
must be near the high end and the sodium level near the low end of their
respective ranges.
You are caring for a patient receiving calcium carbonate for the
treatment of osteopenia. Which serum laboratory result would you
identify as an adverse effect related to this therapy?
a. Sodium falling to 138 mEq/L
b. Potassium rising to 4.1 mEq/L
c. Magnesium rising to 2.9 mg/dL
d. Phosphorus falling to 2.1 mg/dL - Correct Answer - D
Calcium has an inverse relationship with phosphorus in the body. When
phosphorus levels fall, calcium rises, and vice versa. Because
hypercalcemia rarely occurs as a result of calcium intake, the patient's
phosphorus falling to 2.1 mg/dL (normal, 2.4-4.4 mg/dL) may be a result
of the phosphate-binding effect of calcium carbonate.
pg. 4
EXAM TEST BANK| NUR325 HEALTH AND ILLNESS
CONCEPTS I EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 300
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What nursing intervention decreases the risk for catheter associated
urinary tract infection (CAUTI)?
a. Cleanse the urinary meatus 3-4 times daily with antiseptic solution.
b. Hang the urinary drainage bag below the level with the bladder.
c. Empty the urinary drainage bag daily.
d. Irrigate the urinary catheter with sterile water. - Correct Answer - B
Evidenced based interventions shown to decrease the risk for CAUTI
include ensuring that there is a free flow of urine from the catheter to the
drainage bag.
What should the nurse teach a young woman with a history of urinary
tract infections about UTI prevention? (Select all that apply.)
a. Keep the bowels regular.
b. Limit water intake to 1-2 glasses a day
c. Wear cotton underwear
d. Cleanse the perineum from front to back.
e. Practice pelvic muscle exercise (Kegel) daily. - Correct Answer - ACD
All are interventions that lead to healthy bladder habits. Adequate
hydration will ensure that the bladder is regularly flushed out and will
help prevent a UTI. Pelvic muscle exercises promote pelvic health but
not necessarily prevent UTI.
pg. 1
,An elderly patient comes to the hospital with a complaint of severe
weakness and diarrhea for several days. Of the following problems,
which is the most important to assess initially?
a. Malnutrition
b. Dehydration
c. Skin breakdown
d. Incontinence - Correct Answer - B
Dehydration caused by fluid loss from the intestinal tract is an
immediate and possibly dangerous consequence of diarrhea.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease
(PUD). The patient was prescribed the proton pump inhibitor Prevacid
(lansoprazole). Which of the following supplements may be prescribed
to prevent deficiency?
a. Vitamin B12
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin D
d. Omega-3 fatty acids - Correct Answer - A
Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur as a result of the reduced gastric
acidity associated with use of proton pump inhibitors, and
supplementation is often warranted. Vitamin C deficiency is not a known
deficiency associated with medications. Vitamin D deficiency may occur
in patients who take cholesterol medication, and this link is currently
being investigated. Omega-3 fatty acids may be used as monotherapy or
in conjunction with cholesterol medication for patients with
hyperlipidemia.
pg. 2
,A nurse in a home setting is assessing a 79-year-old male patient's risk
for malnutrition. The nurse suspects malnutrition when reviewing which
laboratory results? (Select all that apply.)
a. Body mass index (BMI) of 17
b. Waist-to-hip ratio of 1.0
c. Weight loss of 6% since last month's visit
d. Prealbumin level of 16 mg/dL
e. Hematocrit level of 50%
f. Hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL - Correct Answer - A C F
A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is normal, and this patient's BMI is below normal;
a major weight loss is defined as more than a 2% weight change over 1
week; and the expected hemoglobin level for a man is 14 to 18 g/dL.
The patient's values may also indicate dehydration. The expected level
for prealbumin is 15 to 36 mg/dL. A hematocrit level of 50% is within
normal limits.
Which serum potassium result best supports the rationale for
administering a stat dose of IV potassium chloride 20 mEq in 200 mL of
normal saline over 2 hours?
a. 3.1 mEq/L
b. 3.9 mEq/L
c. 4.6 mEq/L
d. 5.3 mEq/L - Correct Answer - A
The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. This IV
order provides a substantial amount of potassium. Thus the patient's
potassium level must be low. The only low value shown is 3.1 mEq/L.
pg. 3
, You receive a physician's order to change a patient's IV from D5½ NS
with 40 mEq KCl/L to D5NS with 20 mEq KCl/L. Which serum
laboratory values on this same patient best support the rationale for this
IV order change?
a. Sodium, 136 mEq/L; potassium, 3.6 mEq/L
b. Sodium, 145 mEq/L; potassium, 4.8 mEq/L
c. Sodium, 135 mEq/L; potassium, 4.5 mEq/L
d. Sodium, 144 mEq/L; potassium, 3.7 mEq/L - Correct Answer - C
The normal range for serum sodium is 135 to 145 mEq/L, and the
normal range for potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. The change in the IV
order decreases the amount of potassium and increases the amount of
sodium. Therefore, for this order to be appropriate, the potassium level
must be near the high end and the sodium level near the low end of their
respective ranges.
You are caring for a patient receiving calcium carbonate for the
treatment of osteopenia. Which serum laboratory result would you
identify as an adverse effect related to this therapy?
a. Sodium falling to 138 mEq/L
b. Potassium rising to 4.1 mEq/L
c. Magnesium rising to 2.9 mg/dL
d. Phosphorus falling to 2.1 mg/dL - Correct Answer - D
Calcium has an inverse relationship with phosphorus in the body. When
phosphorus levels fall, calcium rises, and vice versa. Because
hypercalcemia rarely occurs as a result of calcium intake, the patient's
phosphorus falling to 2.1 mg/dL (normal, 2.4-4.4 mg/dL) may be a result
of the phosphate-binding effect of calcium carbonate.
pg. 4
