NUR 203/ NUR203 Exam 1 – (New 2026/ 2027
Update) Pediatric Nursing Review | Questions &
Answers | Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)- Fortis
1. What is the single most important influence on growth and development at any
age?
a. Genetics
b. Nutrition
c. Environment
d. Exercise
Answer: b. Nutrition
Rationale: Nutrition is the single most important influence on growth and development.
It reduces the risk of chronic diseases and is essential for proper physical growth, brain
development, and immune function .
2. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of an infant (birth to 1 year) is:
a. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
b. Trust vs. Mistrust
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: b. Trust vs. Mistrust
Rationale: Erikson's psychosocial theory identifies the infant stage (birth to 1 year) as
"Trust vs. Mistrust." Infants develop trust when their basic needs are consistently met by
caregivers .
3. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of a toddler (1 to 3 years) is:
,a. Trust vs. Mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Rationale: Toddlers focus on gaining control of their bodies through walking, climbing,
and decision-making. Shame occurs when they feel they have done something wrong or
are not in control .
4. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of a preschooler (3 to 6 years) is:
a. Trust vs. Mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: c. Initiative vs. Guilt
Rationale: Preschoolers develop a sense of initiative by planning and carrying out
activities. Guilt may develop if they feel their efforts are discouraged or punished .
5. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of a school-age child (6 to 12 years)
is:
a. Trust vs. Mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Rationale: School-age children develop a sense of industry by mastering new skills and
completing tasks. Inferiority may develop if they feel they cannot meet expectations .
6. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of an adolescent (12 to 18 years) is:
,a. Identity vs. Role Confusion
b. Intimacy vs. Isolation
c. Generativity vs. Stagnation
d. Integrity vs. Despair
Answer: a. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Rationale: Adolescents explore different roles and work to develop a sense of personal
identity. Role confusion occurs when they struggle to establish a stable identity .
7. According to Piaget, an infant (0-2 years) is in which stage of cognitive
development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: a. Sensorimotor
Rationale: The sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) is characterized by learning through
reflexes, curiosity, and exploring the world primarily through the mouth. Infants develop
object permanence during this stage .
8. According to Piaget, a preschooler (2-7 years) is in which stage of cognitive
development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: b. Preoperational
Rationale: The preoperational stage (2-7 years) is characterized by egocentrism—
children interpret everything in relation to themselves. They cannot reason beyond what
they observe and make simple associations .
, 9. According to Piaget, a school-age child (7-11 years) is in which stage of
cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: c. Concrete Operational
Rationale: The concrete operational stage (7-11 years) is characterized by increasingly
logical thinking. Children can classify, sort, and order objects, and they develop
conservation (understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape) .
10. According to Piaget, an adolescent (12-18 years) is in which stage of cognitive
development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: d. Formal Operational
Rationale: The formal operational stage (12+ years) is characterized by abstract
thinking, adaptability, flexibility, and the ability to hypothesize about the future.
Adolescents can think about possibilities and ideal situations .
11. A child who has mastered object permanence is in which of Piaget's stages?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: a. Sensorimotor
Update) Pediatric Nursing Review | Questions &
Answers | Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)- Fortis
1. What is the single most important influence on growth and development at any
age?
a. Genetics
b. Nutrition
c. Environment
d. Exercise
Answer: b. Nutrition
Rationale: Nutrition is the single most important influence on growth and development.
It reduces the risk of chronic diseases and is essential for proper physical growth, brain
development, and immune function .
2. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of an infant (birth to 1 year) is:
a. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
b. Trust vs. Mistrust
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: b. Trust vs. Mistrust
Rationale: Erikson's psychosocial theory identifies the infant stage (birth to 1 year) as
"Trust vs. Mistrust." Infants develop trust when their basic needs are consistently met by
caregivers .
3. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of a toddler (1 to 3 years) is:
,a. Trust vs. Mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Rationale: Toddlers focus on gaining control of their bodies through walking, climbing,
and decision-making. Shame occurs when they feel they have done something wrong or
are not in control .
4. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of a preschooler (3 to 6 years) is:
a. Trust vs. Mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: c. Initiative vs. Guilt
Rationale: Preschoolers develop a sense of initiative by planning and carrying out
activities. Guilt may develop if they feel their efforts are discouraged or punished .
5. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of a school-age child (6 to 12 years)
is:
a. Trust vs. Mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Rationale: School-age children develop a sense of industry by mastering new skills and
completing tasks. Inferiority may develop if they feel they cannot meet expectations .
6. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of an adolescent (12 to 18 years) is:
,a. Identity vs. Role Confusion
b. Intimacy vs. Isolation
c. Generativity vs. Stagnation
d. Integrity vs. Despair
Answer: a. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Rationale: Adolescents explore different roles and work to develop a sense of personal
identity. Role confusion occurs when they struggle to establish a stable identity .
7. According to Piaget, an infant (0-2 years) is in which stage of cognitive
development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: a. Sensorimotor
Rationale: The sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) is characterized by learning through
reflexes, curiosity, and exploring the world primarily through the mouth. Infants develop
object permanence during this stage .
8. According to Piaget, a preschooler (2-7 years) is in which stage of cognitive
development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: b. Preoperational
Rationale: The preoperational stage (2-7 years) is characterized by egocentrism—
children interpret everything in relation to themselves. They cannot reason beyond what
they observe and make simple associations .
, 9. According to Piaget, a school-age child (7-11 years) is in which stage of
cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: c. Concrete Operational
Rationale: The concrete operational stage (7-11 years) is characterized by increasingly
logical thinking. Children can classify, sort, and order objects, and they develop
conservation (understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape) .
10. According to Piaget, an adolescent (12-18 years) is in which stage of cognitive
development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: d. Formal Operational
Rationale: The formal operational stage (12+ years) is characterized by abstract
thinking, adaptability, flexibility, and the ability to hypothesize about the future.
Adolescents can think about possibilities and ideal situations .
11. A child who has mastered object permanence is in which of Piaget's stages?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete Operational
d. Formal Operational
Answer: a. Sensorimotor
