BIO 110 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE INTRODUCTORY
BIOLOGY EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
population genetics - ANS ✔✔the frequency of an allele is NOT determined by whether it is dominant or
recessive (dominant traits aren't necessarily more frequent)
gene pool - ANS ✔✔the collection of all alleles present (for a particular gene locus) in a population
allele frequencies - ANS ✔✔frequencies of particular alleles in the gene pool
the Hardy-Weinberg principle - ANS ✔✔both genotypic frequencies and allele frequencies remain
constant over time if no microevolution has occurred
assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle - ANS ✔✔1. no natural selection
2. random mating
3. no random genetic "drift"
4. no migration (no "gene flow")
random genetic drift - ANS ✔✔a change in allele frequencies by chance in small populations
population bottlenecks - ANS ✔✔genetic drift in populations temporarily reduced to small size
(overhunting)
populations - ANS ✔✔group of potentially interbreeding individuals of the same species
communities - ANS ✔✔group of species sharing the same habitat
ecosystems - ANS ✔✔biological and abiotic processes and interactions within a given region
dispersion - ANS ✔✔the locations of individuals within a population
kinds of dispersion - ANS ✔✔-random
-clumped
-uniform
random dispersion - ANS ✔✔nothing to do with others' location
clumped dispersion - ANS ✔✔individuals tend to be found together
uniform dispersion - ANS ✔✔individuals keep their distance
carrying capacity - ANS ✔✔the population size that can be sustained in a particular environment
population growth rate (PGR) - ANS ✔✔the rate of change in population size
BIOLOGY EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
population genetics - ANS ✔✔the frequency of an allele is NOT determined by whether it is dominant or
recessive (dominant traits aren't necessarily more frequent)
gene pool - ANS ✔✔the collection of all alleles present (for a particular gene locus) in a population
allele frequencies - ANS ✔✔frequencies of particular alleles in the gene pool
the Hardy-Weinberg principle - ANS ✔✔both genotypic frequencies and allele frequencies remain
constant over time if no microevolution has occurred
assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle - ANS ✔✔1. no natural selection
2. random mating
3. no random genetic "drift"
4. no migration (no "gene flow")
random genetic drift - ANS ✔✔a change in allele frequencies by chance in small populations
population bottlenecks - ANS ✔✔genetic drift in populations temporarily reduced to small size
(overhunting)
populations - ANS ✔✔group of potentially interbreeding individuals of the same species
communities - ANS ✔✔group of species sharing the same habitat
ecosystems - ANS ✔✔biological and abiotic processes and interactions within a given region
dispersion - ANS ✔✔the locations of individuals within a population
kinds of dispersion - ANS ✔✔-random
-clumped
-uniform
random dispersion - ANS ✔✔nothing to do with others' location
clumped dispersion - ANS ✔✔individuals tend to be found together
uniform dispersion - ANS ✔✔individuals keep their distance
carrying capacity - ANS ✔✔the population size that can be sustained in a particular environment
population growth rate (PGR) - ANS ✔✔the rate of change in population size
