ASSESSED HESI REMEDATIONS
FOR GERONTOLOGY 2026
An older client is near the completion of a series of blood transfusions. The practical nurse (PN) identifies
and reports to the nurse that the client has developed a rapid bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure,
and swollen superficial veins. Which should the PN suspect is causing these findings? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Volume overload.
Rationale
The addition of extra fluid volume during a transfusion may present certain risks for older clients with
compromised cardiac function or renal status. Signs such as a rapid bounding pulse, hypertension, and
swollen superficial veins should alert the nurse to the possibility of fluid volume overload.
An older client has developed sepsis and SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) as a result of
an infected wound. Which scenario should the practical nurse (PN) recognize as correct to reinforce
teaching to a family member on how SIRS affects the body initially? - CORRECT ANSWER -The
endothelial lining of blood vessels becomes damaged causing leakage into tissues. Rationale
SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) is the result of an injury causing an overwhelming
inflammatory response that threatens vital organ changes. This response manifests in the blood vessels
that result in damaged endothelium lining that causes leakage of fluid into the body's tissues. As blood
flow to the bodies vital organs become compromised resulting in damage and multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
The practical nurse (PN) is assisting the nurse who is performing an admission assessment of an older
client who has been admitted for severe partial-thickness and full-thickness burns of the legs and
buttocks. Which condition is the client at greatest risk developing initially? - CORRECT ANSWER
Hypovolemic shock.
Rationale
Hypovolemic shock produced by burns occurs most often in people with large partial-thickness or
fullthickness burns. It is caused primarily by a shift of plasma from the vascular space into the interstitial
space.
,An molder mclient mis madmitted mwith mpartial-thickness mburn minjuries, mcovering m50% mof mthe mclient's
m body. mWhich madverse mresponse mto mthermal mburns mis ma mnursing mpriority? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-
Hypovolemia. mRationale m
m
The mclient mwith mextensive mburn minjuries mis mat mrisk mfor mhypovolemia, mespecially mduring mthe mfirst m36
mhours mafter mthe minjuries mhave moccurred. mInsufficient mfluid mvolume mis mdirectly mrelated mto mincreased
mcapillary mleakage mand mfluid mshift mfrom mthe mintravascular mspace mto mthe minterstitial mspace mafter mthe
mburn minsult. m
m
Which mfactors mare mmost mimportant mfor mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mto midentify mand mreport mwhen
mperforming ma mfocused massessment mon man molder mclient mwith mpossible malcohol mabuse? m- mCORRECT
mANSWER m-Depression. m
Social misolation. m
Loss mof minterest min mhobbies. m
Rationale m
m
Alcoholism min mthe molder mclient mis moften munderreported mand mundertreated. mThe mchanges mof maging
mand mdevelopmental mmay mcontribute mto malcohol muse. mOlder mclients mare moften msocially misolated, mhave
msensory mdeficits, mand mdepression mwhich mall mcontribute mto msubstance muse. m
m
An molder mclient mreports mto mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mabout mhaving mconstipation. mWhich mresponse
mshould mthe mPN muse mto mclarify mthe mclient's mreport mof mconstipation? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-"Describe
mthe mcharacteristics mof myour mstools." m
Rationale m
m
Bowel melimination mpatterns mcan mdiffer mwidely mfrom mperson mto mperson. mTo mclarify msymptoms mof
mconstipation, mthe mnurse mshould mdetermine mif mstools mare mhard, mdry, mand mdifficult mto mpass mor mif mthe
mclient mhas mto mstrain mto mdefecate m
m
An molder mclient mis mscheduled mfor ma mhemorrhoidectomy. mWhich mpostoperative mprescription mshould
mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) manticipate? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Stool msoftener. m
Rationale m
,m
Bowel mmovements mafter ma mhemorrhoidectomy mwill mcause msome mpain. mA mstool msoftener mis musually
mprescribed mto mlessen mthe mdiscomfort mof mthe mpassage mof mstool. m
m
The mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould mmonitor mfor mwhich mclinical mindicator mwhen mproviding mcare mto
m an molder mclient mwith mcholelithiasis mand mobstructive mjaundice? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Dark
m urine. mRationale m
m
An molder mclient mwith mcholelithiasis mand mobstructive mjaundice mmay mhave mincreased mbile mlevels min mthe
mbloodstream. mWhen mbile mlevels min mthe mbloodstream mare mhigh, mas min mobstructive mjaundice, murine
mappears mdark mdue mto mbile min mthe murine. m
m
The mhealth mcare mprovider mprescribed mintermittent mnasogastric mtube m(NGT) mfeedings mto msupplement
m an molder mclient's moral mnutritional mintake. mThe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould madminister mthe mNGT
m feeding mslowly min morder mto mreduce mthe mrisk mof mwhich mhazard? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Aspiration.
m Rationale m
m
The mcardiac msphincter mof mthe mstomach mis mslightly mopened mto madmit mthe mnasogastric mtube, mso
mcontents mmay mbe mforced mback mup mthrough mthe mesophagus, mresulting min mregurgitation mwhich mcan
mcause man mincreased mrisk mfor maspiration. mThe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould madminister mthe mfeeding
mslowly mto mprevent mthese mcomplications. m
m
An m81-year-old mresident min ma mlong-term mcare mfacility mbegins mto mrefuse mfood, mparticularly msolids, mand
mrepeatedly myells, m"Leave mme malone!" mThe mclient mhas mlost ma mtotal mof m6 mpounds mover mthe mpast
mmonth. mWhat mis mthe mbest minitial mnursing mintervention? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Assess mto midentify
mchanges min memotional mor mphysical mstatus. m
Rationale m
m
Emotional mand mphysical mchanges mmay mcause manorexia, ma mloss min mappetite. mThe mfirst mstep mis mto
massess mfor many mchanges min mphysical mstatus mthat mmay mhave mprompted mthe mloss min mappetite mand
mrefusal mof msolids mfood. mDue mto mthe mrefusal mof msolids mshould mprompt mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mto
mexamine mthe mclient's moral mcavity mfor many msigns mof mulcerations, mpossible myeast minfection mand mcheck
mthe mfitting mof mthe mclient's mdentures mif mapplicable. mIf mno mphysical msigns mor msymptoms mare mpresent,
mthen mthe mPN mneeds mto mreport mthe mfindings mof mthe mnurse, mso mthe mclient's memotional mand
mpsychological mstatus mcan mbe mfurther mevaluated. m
, m
The mpractical mnurse m(PN) mis mproviding mcare mto ma mpostoperative molder mclient mwho mhas mtype m1
mdiabetes. mWhich mscenario mshould mthe mPN mrecognize mas ma mrisk mfactor mfor mthe mdevelopment mof
mdiabetic mketoacidosis? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Presence mof minfection. m
Rationale m
m
In man molder mclient mwith mtype m1 mdiabetes, mthere mis mnot menough minsulin mavailable mto mmeet mincreased
mdemands. mThe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould mmonitor mthis mclient mfor msigns mand msymptoms mof
mpostoperative minfection, mwhich mincreases mthe mbody's mmetabolic mrate mand mplaces mthe mclient mat
mgreater mrisk mfor mdiabetic mketoacidosis. m
m
An m81-year-old mresident min ma mlong-term mcare mfacility mbegins mto mrefuse mfood, mparticularly msolids, mand
mrepeatedly myells, m"Leave mme malone!" mThe mclient mhas mlost ma mtotal mof m6 mpounds mover mthe mpast
mmonth. mWhat mis mthe mbest minitial mnursing mintervention? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Assess mto midentify
mchanges min memotional mor mphysical mstatus. m
Rationale m
m
Emotional mand mphysical mchanges mmay mcause manorexia, ma mloss min mappetite. mThe mfirst mstep mis mto
massess mfor many mchanges min mphysical mstatus mthat mmay mhave mprompted mthe mloss min mappetite mand
mrefusal mof msolids mfood. mDue mto mthe mrefusal mof msolids mshould mprompt mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mto
mexamine mthe mclient's moral mcavity mfor many msigns mof mulcerations, mpossible myeast minfection mand mcheck
mthe mfitting mof mthe mclient's mdentures mif mapplicable. mIf mno mphysical msigns mor msymptoms mare mpresent,
mthen mthe mPN mneeds mto mreport mthe mfindings mof mthe mnurse, mso mthe mclient's memotional mand
mpsychological mstatus mcan mbe mfurther mevaluated. m
m
The mheathcare mprovider mprescribed menteral mfeedings mfor man molder mclient mwith msevere msepsis mand
mmultiorgan mfailure. mWhat mis mthe mmain mpurpose mof mthis mprescription? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-To
mreduce mbacterial msystemic mmovement mthrough mintestinal mwall mand mimprove mgastrointestinal
mperfusion. m
Rationale m
m
Clients mdiagnosed mwith msevere msepsis mand mmulti-organ mfailure mwill mrequire mnutritional msupport mdue
mto mbeing min ma mhypermetabolic mstate mand mare mat man mincreased mrisk mof mbecoming mprotein-calorie
mmalnourished. mEnteral mfeedings mare musually mprescribed mearly mto mensure mthe mclients mare mreceiving
madequate mamount mof mcalories. mThe muse mof menteral mfeedings mhelps mto mimprove mthe mgastrointestinal
FOR GERONTOLOGY 2026
An older client is near the completion of a series of blood transfusions. The practical nurse (PN) identifies
and reports to the nurse that the client has developed a rapid bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure,
and swollen superficial veins. Which should the PN suspect is causing these findings? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Volume overload.
Rationale
The addition of extra fluid volume during a transfusion may present certain risks for older clients with
compromised cardiac function or renal status. Signs such as a rapid bounding pulse, hypertension, and
swollen superficial veins should alert the nurse to the possibility of fluid volume overload.
An older client has developed sepsis and SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) as a result of
an infected wound. Which scenario should the practical nurse (PN) recognize as correct to reinforce
teaching to a family member on how SIRS affects the body initially? - CORRECT ANSWER -The
endothelial lining of blood vessels becomes damaged causing leakage into tissues. Rationale
SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) is the result of an injury causing an overwhelming
inflammatory response that threatens vital organ changes. This response manifests in the blood vessels
that result in damaged endothelium lining that causes leakage of fluid into the body's tissues. As blood
flow to the bodies vital organs become compromised resulting in damage and multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
The practical nurse (PN) is assisting the nurse who is performing an admission assessment of an older
client who has been admitted for severe partial-thickness and full-thickness burns of the legs and
buttocks. Which condition is the client at greatest risk developing initially? - CORRECT ANSWER
Hypovolemic shock.
Rationale
Hypovolemic shock produced by burns occurs most often in people with large partial-thickness or
fullthickness burns. It is caused primarily by a shift of plasma from the vascular space into the interstitial
space.
,An molder mclient mis madmitted mwith mpartial-thickness mburn minjuries, mcovering m50% mof mthe mclient's
m body. mWhich madverse mresponse mto mthermal mburns mis ma mnursing mpriority? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-
Hypovolemia. mRationale m
m
The mclient mwith mextensive mburn minjuries mis mat mrisk mfor mhypovolemia, mespecially mduring mthe mfirst m36
mhours mafter mthe minjuries mhave moccurred. mInsufficient mfluid mvolume mis mdirectly mrelated mto mincreased
mcapillary mleakage mand mfluid mshift mfrom mthe mintravascular mspace mto mthe minterstitial mspace mafter mthe
mburn minsult. m
m
Which mfactors mare mmost mimportant mfor mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mto midentify mand mreport mwhen
mperforming ma mfocused massessment mon man molder mclient mwith mpossible malcohol mabuse? m- mCORRECT
mANSWER m-Depression. m
Social misolation. m
Loss mof minterest min mhobbies. m
Rationale m
m
Alcoholism min mthe molder mclient mis moften munderreported mand mundertreated. mThe mchanges mof maging
mand mdevelopmental mmay mcontribute mto malcohol muse. mOlder mclients mare moften msocially misolated, mhave
msensory mdeficits, mand mdepression mwhich mall mcontribute mto msubstance muse. m
m
An molder mclient mreports mto mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mabout mhaving mconstipation. mWhich mresponse
mshould mthe mPN muse mto mclarify mthe mclient's mreport mof mconstipation? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-"Describe
mthe mcharacteristics mof myour mstools." m
Rationale m
m
Bowel melimination mpatterns mcan mdiffer mwidely mfrom mperson mto mperson. mTo mclarify msymptoms mof
mconstipation, mthe mnurse mshould mdetermine mif mstools mare mhard, mdry, mand mdifficult mto mpass mor mif mthe
mclient mhas mto mstrain mto mdefecate m
m
An molder mclient mis mscheduled mfor ma mhemorrhoidectomy. mWhich mpostoperative mprescription mshould
mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) manticipate? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Stool msoftener. m
Rationale m
,m
Bowel mmovements mafter ma mhemorrhoidectomy mwill mcause msome mpain. mA mstool msoftener mis musually
mprescribed mto mlessen mthe mdiscomfort mof mthe mpassage mof mstool. m
m
The mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould mmonitor mfor mwhich mclinical mindicator mwhen mproviding mcare mto
m an molder mclient mwith mcholelithiasis mand mobstructive mjaundice? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Dark
m urine. mRationale m
m
An molder mclient mwith mcholelithiasis mand mobstructive mjaundice mmay mhave mincreased mbile mlevels min mthe
mbloodstream. mWhen mbile mlevels min mthe mbloodstream mare mhigh, mas min mobstructive mjaundice, murine
mappears mdark mdue mto mbile min mthe murine. m
m
The mhealth mcare mprovider mprescribed mintermittent mnasogastric mtube m(NGT) mfeedings mto msupplement
m an molder mclient's moral mnutritional mintake. mThe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould madminister mthe mNGT
m feeding mslowly min morder mto mreduce mthe mrisk mof mwhich mhazard? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Aspiration.
m Rationale m
m
The mcardiac msphincter mof mthe mstomach mis mslightly mopened mto madmit mthe mnasogastric mtube, mso
mcontents mmay mbe mforced mback mup mthrough mthe mesophagus, mresulting min mregurgitation mwhich mcan
mcause man mincreased mrisk mfor maspiration. mThe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould madminister mthe mfeeding
mslowly mto mprevent mthese mcomplications. m
m
An m81-year-old mresident min ma mlong-term mcare mfacility mbegins mto mrefuse mfood, mparticularly msolids, mand
mrepeatedly myells, m"Leave mme malone!" mThe mclient mhas mlost ma mtotal mof m6 mpounds mover mthe mpast
mmonth. mWhat mis mthe mbest minitial mnursing mintervention? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Assess mto midentify
mchanges min memotional mor mphysical mstatus. m
Rationale m
m
Emotional mand mphysical mchanges mmay mcause manorexia, ma mloss min mappetite. mThe mfirst mstep mis mto
massess mfor many mchanges min mphysical mstatus mthat mmay mhave mprompted mthe mloss min mappetite mand
mrefusal mof msolids mfood. mDue mto mthe mrefusal mof msolids mshould mprompt mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mto
mexamine mthe mclient's moral mcavity mfor many msigns mof mulcerations, mpossible myeast minfection mand mcheck
mthe mfitting mof mthe mclient's mdentures mif mapplicable. mIf mno mphysical msigns mor msymptoms mare mpresent,
mthen mthe mPN mneeds mto mreport mthe mfindings mof mthe mnurse, mso mthe mclient's memotional mand
mpsychological mstatus mcan mbe mfurther mevaluated. m
, m
The mpractical mnurse m(PN) mis mproviding mcare mto ma mpostoperative molder mclient mwho mhas mtype m1
mdiabetes. mWhich mscenario mshould mthe mPN mrecognize mas ma mrisk mfactor mfor mthe mdevelopment mof
mdiabetic mketoacidosis? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Presence mof minfection. m
Rationale m
m
In man molder mclient mwith mtype m1 mdiabetes, mthere mis mnot menough minsulin mavailable mto mmeet mincreased
mdemands. mThe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mshould mmonitor mthis mclient mfor msigns mand msymptoms mof
mpostoperative minfection, mwhich mincreases mthe mbody's mmetabolic mrate mand mplaces mthe mclient mat
mgreater mrisk mfor mdiabetic mketoacidosis. m
m
An m81-year-old mresident min ma mlong-term mcare mfacility mbegins mto mrefuse mfood, mparticularly msolids, mand
mrepeatedly myells, m"Leave mme malone!" mThe mclient mhas mlost ma mtotal mof m6 mpounds mover mthe mpast
mmonth. mWhat mis mthe mbest minitial mnursing mintervention? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-Assess mto midentify
mchanges min memotional mor mphysical mstatus. m
Rationale m
m
Emotional mand mphysical mchanges mmay mcause manorexia, ma mloss min mappetite. mThe mfirst mstep mis mto
massess mfor many mchanges min mphysical mstatus mthat mmay mhave mprompted mthe mloss min mappetite mand
mrefusal mof msolids mfood. mDue mto mthe mrefusal mof msolids mshould mprompt mthe mpractical mnurse m(PN) mto
mexamine mthe mclient's moral mcavity mfor many msigns mof mulcerations, mpossible myeast minfection mand mcheck
mthe mfitting mof mthe mclient's mdentures mif mapplicable. mIf mno mphysical msigns mor msymptoms mare mpresent,
mthen mthe mPN mneeds mto mreport mthe mfindings mof mthe mnurse, mso mthe mclient's memotional mand
mpsychological mstatus mcan mbe mfurther mevaluated. m
m
The mheathcare mprovider mprescribed menteral mfeedings mfor man molder mclient mwith msevere msepsis mand
mmultiorgan mfailure. mWhat mis mthe mmain mpurpose mof mthis mprescription? m- mCORRECT mANSWER m-To
mreduce mbacterial msystemic mmovement mthrough mintestinal mwall mand mimprove mgastrointestinal
mperfusion. m
Rationale m
m
Clients mdiagnosed mwith msevere msepsis mand mmulti-organ mfailure mwill mrequire mnutritional msupport mdue
mto mbeing min ma mhypermetabolic mstate mand mare mat man mincreased mrisk mof mbecoming mprotein-calorie
mmalnourished. mEnteral mfeedings mare musually mprescribed mearly mto mensure mthe mclients mare mreceiving
madequate mamount mof mcalories. mThe muse mof menteral mfeedings mhelps mto mimprove mthe mgastrointestinal
