Certified Dialysis Nurse (CD Real EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(complete solutions) ASSURED SUCCESS/GRADED
A+!!!
,Hemodialysis Principles & Procedures (1–20)
1. What is the primary principle behind solute removal in hemodialysis?
- A. Active transport
- B. Osmosis
- C. Diffusion
- D. Ultrafiltration
Answer: C. Diffusion
Rationale: Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration (blood) to lower
concentration (dialysate) across a semipermeable membrane.
2. Ultrafiltration in hemodialysis is defined as the removal of:
- A. Electrolytes
- B. Urea
- C. Fluid
- D. Proteins
,Answer: C. Fluid
Rationale: Ultrafiltration is the convective removal of plasma water driven by a pressure gradient across the
dialyzer membrane.
3. The dialysate component used to correct metabolic acidosis in ESRD patients is:
- A. Sodium
- B. Potassium
- C. Bicarbonate
- D. Calcium
Answer: C. Bicarbonate
Rationale: Bicarbonate in dialysate diffuses into the blood to buffer acids and correct metabolic acidosis.
4. Countercurrent flow in a dialyzer refers to:
- A. Blood and dialysate flowing in the same direction
- B. Blood and dialysate flowing in opposite directions
- C. Dialysate flowing faster than blood
- D. Blood flowing through both compartments
Answer: B. Blood and dialysate flowing in opposite directions
, Rationale: Countercurrent flow maintains a concentration gradient along the entire length of the dialyzer,
maximizing solute clearance.
5. What is the minimum acceptable standard for dialysate total chlorine after testing?
- A. <1.0 ppm
- B. <0.5 ppm
- C. <0.1 ppm
- D. 0 ppm
Answer: C. <0.1 ppm
Rationale: Chlorine/chloramine levels must be below 0.1 ppm to prevent hemolysis; ideally, the test should be
negative (0 ppm total chlorine).
6. A patient complains of sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and flushing 15 minutes into dialysis. The blood in the
lines appears cherry-red. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Air embolism
- B. Dialyzer reaction
- C. Chloramine exposure
- D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: C. Chloramine exposure
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(complete solutions) ASSURED SUCCESS/GRADED
A+!!!
,Hemodialysis Principles & Procedures (1–20)
1. What is the primary principle behind solute removal in hemodialysis?
- A. Active transport
- B. Osmosis
- C. Diffusion
- D. Ultrafiltration
Answer: C. Diffusion
Rationale: Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration (blood) to lower
concentration (dialysate) across a semipermeable membrane.
2. Ultrafiltration in hemodialysis is defined as the removal of:
- A. Electrolytes
- B. Urea
- C. Fluid
- D. Proteins
,Answer: C. Fluid
Rationale: Ultrafiltration is the convective removal of plasma water driven by a pressure gradient across the
dialyzer membrane.
3. The dialysate component used to correct metabolic acidosis in ESRD patients is:
- A. Sodium
- B. Potassium
- C. Bicarbonate
- D. Calcium
Answer: C. Bicarbonate
Rationale: Bicarbonate in dialysate diffuses into the blood to buffer acids and correct metabolic acidosis.
4. Countercurrent flow in a dialyzer refers to:
- A. Blood and dialysate flowing in the same direction
- B. Blood and dialysate flowing in opposite directions
- C. Dialysate flowing faster than blood
- D. Blood flowing through both compartments
Answer: B. Blood and dialysate flowing in opposite directions
, Rationale: Countercurrent flow maintains a concentration gradient along the entire length of the dialyzer,
maximizing solute clearance.
5. What is the minimum acceptable standard for dialysate total chlorine after testing?
- A. <1.0 ppm
- B. <0.5 ppm
- C. <0.1 ppm
- D. 0 ppm
Answer: C. <0.1 ppm
Rationale: Chlorine/chloramine levels must be below 0.1 ppm to prevent hemolysis; ideally, the test should be
negative (0 ppm total chlorine).
6. A patient complains of sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and flushing 15 minutes into dialysis. The blood in the
lines appears cherry-red. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Air embolism
- B. Dialyzer reaction
- C. Chloramine exposure
- D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: C. Chloramine exposure
