C207 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE
●● In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recognition?
Answer: Framing the problem
●● In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection?
Answer: Solving the problem
●● What is a key reason we study statistics?
Answer: To make informed decisions
●● Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the Davenport-
Kim model?
Answer: Communicating the results
●● When does research fail to produce reliable results?
Answer: Poor research validity
●● What are the two major issues surrounding research standards?
Answer: Best practices and ethics
,●● In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be:
Answer: The appropriate size and random
●● Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias?
Answer: Measurement
●● Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias?
Answer: Measurement
●● Research best practices eliminate...
Answer: Bias
●● Outliers create this type of error
Answer: Out-of Range
●● Unpredictable error
Answer: Random Error - No correlation
●● Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in)
Answer: Omission Error - Distorted results
,●● This error repeats itself
Answer: Systematic Error - Skewed results
●● Observation points that are distant from other observations.
Answer: Outliers Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes
skewness)
●● Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample
Answer: Measurement bias
●● Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be
beneficial if selected.
Answer: Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
●● Consistent and repeatable data
Answer: Reliable
●● Resulting from accurate measurements
Answer: Valid data
●● If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias?
Answer: Information
, ●● Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them to
the very top or the very bottom of the column
Answer: Omission or Out-of-Range
●● An error that will fix itself over time
Answer: Random
●● An error that will not fix itself. You must do something
Answer: Systematic
●● Cleaning and organizing data
Answer: Data Management
●● Are the following variable quantitative or qualitative? Personality
type, social class, or communication style
Answer: Qualitative
●● A study used when you a conditions can't be controlled
Answer: Observational study
●● Observes people going forward in time from the time of their entry
into the study.
Answer: Cohort Study
CORRECT ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE
●● In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recognition?
Answer: Framing the problem
●● In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection?
Answer: Solving the problem
●● What is a key reason we study statistics?
Answer: To make informed decisions
●● Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the Davenport-
Kim model?
Answer: Communicating the results
●● When does research fail to produce reliable results?
Answer: Poor research validity
●● What are the two major issues surrounding research standards?
Answer: Best practices and ethics
,●● In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be:
Answer: The appropriate size and random
●● Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias?
Answer: Measurement
●● Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias?
Answer: Measurement
●● Research best practices eliminate...
Answer: Bias
●● Outliers create this type of error
Answer: Out-of Range
●● Unpredictable error
Answer: Random Error - No correlation
●● Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in)
Answer: Omission Error - Distorted results
,●● This error repeats itself
Answer: Systematic Error - Skewed results
●● Observation points that are distant from other observations.
Answer: Outliers Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes
skewness)
●● Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample
Answer: Measurement bias
●● Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be
beneficial if selected.
Answer: Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
●● Consistent and repeatable data
Answer: Reliable
●● Resulting from accurate measurements
Answer: Valid data
●● If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias?
Answer: Information
, ●● Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them to
the very top or the very bottom of the column
Answer: Omission or Out-of-Range
●● An error that will fix itself over time
Answer: Random
●● An error that will not fix itself. You must do something
Answer: Systematic
●● Cleaning and organizing data
Answer: Data Management
●● Are the following variable quantitative or qualitative? Personality
type, social class, or communication style
Answer: Qualitative
●● A study used when you a conditions can't be controlled
Answer: Observational study
●● Observes people going forward in time from the time of their entry
into the study.
Answer: Cohort Study
