AACN REVIEWS VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
| 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+
your mother - ANSWER a hoe
justin - ANSWER someone with daddy issues
usually in tissue surrounding pulmonary veins as they enter the LA - ANSWER location of re-entrant
circuits that cause afib
mitral valve - ANSWER most common valve surgically operated on
pulmonic valve - ANSWER least common valve surgically operated on
compensatory vasodilation resulting in diastolic hypotension (low DBP) - ANSWER why do pts w/
aortic regurg have a widened pulse pressure?
right axis deviation and new RBBB or CHB - ANSWER EKG manifestations of a VSD
sudden onset pulmonary edema; new-onset harsh holosystolic murmur; hypotension (left-to-right
shunting) - ANSWER clinical findings in VSD s/p MI
echocardiogram - ANSWER testing needed to differentiate between VSD and papillary muscle
rupture
w/o surgery: 50% mortality in less than 24hrs; 80% mortality in less than 4 weeks. in OR: 30-50%
mortality rate during surgery - ANSWER mortality rate for VSD
-signs of CHF d/t systolic HF (most common)
-lower stroke volume
-angina
-systemic thromboembolisms d/t thrombus formation in dyskinetic segment
-ventricular arrhythmias - ANSWER clinical presentation of LV aneurysm
, dec LV volume and reestablishing normal LV geometry - ANSWER tx goals of LV aneurysm repair
revascularization and MVR if MR present (LV aneurysms are often after an ischemic event) - ANSWER
if needed, LV aneurysm repair is often done in conjunction with what procedure(s)?
patent foramen ovale (PFO) - ANSWER in 25% of pts the atrial septum doesn't close after birth,
forming an ASD called __________.
many pts asymptomatic; persistent left-to-right flow
-RA and RV enlargement, pulmonary HTN, afib, TR - ANSWER clinical manifestations of small ASD
stroke - ANSWER common first presentation of PFO
SOB; fainting; irregular heart rhythms; fatigue w/ mild activity; flow predominantly L-to-R but abt
15% of pts can have a paradoxical shunt - ANSWER s/s ASD
TEE w/ bubble study; watching passage of bubbles from RA to LA - ANSWER dx of PFO
10 years - ANSWER 75% of congenital VSDs close by _____ years of age
ASD - ANSWER most common congenital defect repaired in adults
> 5.5 cm - ANSWER when is surgery recommended on an ascending aortic aneurysm?
> 6.5 cm - ANSWER when is surgery recommended on a descending aortic aneurysm?
aortic root dilation and functional AI - ANSWER aortic root aneurysms commonly cause what 2
issues?
incidentally via xray or echo - ANSWER how are aortic aneurysms commonly found?
| 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+
your mother - ANSWER a hoe
justin - ANSWER someone with daddy issues
usually in tissue surrounding pulmonary veins as they enter the LA - ANSWER location of re-entrant
circuits that cause afib
mitral valve - ANSWER most common valve surgically operated on
pulmonic valve - ANSWER least common valve surgically operated on
compensatory vasodilation resulting in diastolic hypotension (low DBP) - ANSWER why do pts w/
aortic regurg have a widened pulse pressure?
right axis deviation and new RBBB or CHB - ANSWER EKG manifestations of a VSD
sudden onset pulmonary edema; new-onset harsh holosystolic murmur; hypotension (left-to-right
shunting) - ANSWER clinical findings in VSD s/p MI
echocardiogram - ANSWER testing needed to differentiate between VSD and papillary muscle
rupture
w/o surgery: 50% mortality in less than 24hrs; 80% mortality in less than 4 weeks. in OR: 30-50%
mortality rate during surgery - ANSWER mortality rate for VSD
-signs of CHF d/t systolic HF (most common)
-lower stroke volume
-angina
-systemic thromboembolisms d/t thrombus formation in dyskinetic segment
-ventricular arrhythmias - ANSWER clinical presentation of LV aneurysm
, dec LV volume and reestablishing normal LV geometry - ANSWER tx goals of LV aneurysm repair
revascularization and MVR if MR present (LV aneurysms are often after an ischemic event) - ANSWER
if needed, LV aneurysm repair is often done in conjunction with what procedure(s)?
patent foramen ovale (PFO) - ANSWER in 25% of pts the atrial septum doesn't close after birth,
forming an ASD called __________.
many pts asymptomatic; persistent left-to-right flow
-RA and RV enlargement, pulmonary HTN, afib, TR - ANSWER clinical manifestations of small ASD
stroke - ANSWER common first presentation of PFO
SOB; fainting; irregular heart rhythms; fatigue w/ mild activity; flow predominantly L-to-R but abt
15% of pts can have a paradoxical shunt - ANSWER s/s ASD
TEE w/ bubble study; watching passage of bubbles from RA to LA - ANSWER dx of PFO
10 years - ANSWER 75% of congenital VSDs close by _____ years of age
ASD - ANSWER most common congenital defect repaired in adults
> 5.5 cm - ANSWER when is surgery recommended on an ascending aortic aneurysm?
> 6.5 cm - ANSWER when is surgery recommended on a descending aortic aneurysm?
aortic root dilation and functional AI - ANSWER aortic root aneurysms commonly cause what 2
issues?
incidentally via xray or echo - ANSWER how are aortic aneurysms commonly found?
