HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Exam Questions With
Accurate Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
1. Which term is used for the process of forming blood cells?
hematopoiesis
differentiation
erythropoietin
hemolysis
2. Which artery is specifically located behind the knee?
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Carotid artery
Popliteal artery
3. If the stratum germinativum is damaged due to a severe burn, what would be
the most immediate consequence for the skin?
Improved blood circulation
Impaired skin regeneration
Enhanced barrier function
Increased melanin production
4. Describe the role of cerumen in the external auditory canal.
Cerumen aids in the regeneration of auditory cells.
Cerumen protects the ear by trapping dust and microorganisms.
, Cerumen enhances sound transmission to the cochlea.
Cerumen serves as a lubricant for the eustachian tube.
5. If the stratum corneum is damaged, what potential issue could arise for the
body?
Enhanced nutrient absorption
Increased risk of infection
Improved hydration of the skin
Decreased sensitivity to pain
6. Describe how antidiuretic hormone affects urine concentration.
Antidiuretic hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys,
leading to more concentrated urine.
Antidiuretic hormone has no effect on urine concentration.
Antidiuretic hormone promotes the secretion of glucose, making urine
more concentrated.
Antidiuretic hormone decreases sodium reabsorption, resulting in
diluted urine.
7. What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
Dermis
Stratum lucidum
Stratum germinativum
Stratum corneum
8. Describe the function of the auricle (pinna) in the process of hearing.
, The auricle (pinna) converts sound waves into nerve impulses.
The auricle (pinna) filters out background noise.
The auricle (pinna) vibrates to produce sound.
The auricle (pinna) collects and directs sound waves into the
external auditory canal.
9. Describe the significance of the left ventricle's muscular wall in relation to its
function.
The left ventricle's wall is thick to prevent backflow of blood into the
lungs.
The left ventricle has a thin wall to allow for easy filling with blood.
The left ventricle's wall is thin to facilitate gas exchange.
The left ventricle has a thick muscular wall to generate the high
pressure needed to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body.
10. What type of structure is primarily affected during a sprain?
Tendon
Ligament
Fibrous joint
Muscle
11. What is the first structure that filtrate passes through in the nephron?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Duct
Loop of Henle
, 12. Describe the role of abductors in the movement of limbs and how they differ
from adductors.
Abductors move limbs away from the midline, while adductors
move them towards the midline.
Abductors are involved in flexing limbs, while adductors extend them.
Abductors and adductors perform the same function in opposite
directions.
Abductors stabilize the body, while adductors are responsible for
balance.
13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in mammals?
Left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation
Pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit
Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein
Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
14. Which major veins deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
pulmonary veins
coronary arteries
aorta
vena cava
15. Describe the role of sebaceous glands in skin maintenance and health.
Sebaceous glands create earwax to protect the ear.
Sebaceous glands secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents
it from drying out.
Accurate Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
1. Which term is used for the process of forming blood cells?
hematopoiesis
differentiation
erythropoietin
hemolysis
2. Which artery is specifically located behind the knee?
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Carotid artery
Popliteal artery
3. If the stratum germinativum is damaged due to a severe burn, what would be
the most immediate consequence for the skin?
Improved blood circulation
Impaired skin regeneration
Enhanced barrier function
Increased melanin production
4. Describe the role of cerumen in the external auditory canal.
Cerumen aids in the regeneration of auditory cells.
Cerumen protects the ear by trapping dust and microorganisms.
, Cerumen enhances sound transmission to the cochlea.
Cerumen serves as a lubricant for the eustachian tube.
5. If the stratum corneum is damaged, what potential issue could arise for the
body?
Enhanced nutrient absorption
Increased risk of infection
Improved hydration of the skin
Decreased sensitivity to pain
6. Describe how antidiuretic hormone affects urine concentration.
Antidiuretic hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys,
leading to more concentrated urine.
Antidiuretic hormone has no effect on urine concentration.
Antidiuretic hormone promotes the secretion of glucose, making urine
more concentrated.
Antidiuretic hormone decreases sodium reabsorption, resulting in
diluted urine.
7. What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
Dermis
Stratum lucidum
Stratum germinativum
Stratum corneum
8. Describe the function of the auricle (pinna) in the process of hearing.
, The auricle (pinna) converts sound waves into nerve impulses.
The auricle (pinna) filters out background noise.
The auricle (pinna) vibrates to produce sound.
The auricle (pinna) collects and directs sound waves into the
external auditory canal.
9. Describe the significance of the left ventricle's muscular wall in relation to its
function.
The left ventricle's wall is thick to prevent backflow of blood into the
lungs.
The left ventricle has a thin wall to allow for easy filling with blood.
The left ventricle's wall is thin to facilitate gas exchange.
The left ventricle has a thick muscular wall to generate the high
pressure needed to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body.
10. What type of structure is primarily affected during a sprain?
Tendon
Ligament
Fibrous joint
Muscle
11. What is the first structure that filtrate passes through in the nephron?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Duct
Loop of Henle
, 12. Describe the role of abductors in the movement of limbs and how they differ
from adductors.
Abductors move limbs away from the midline, while adductors
move them towards the midline.
Abductors are involved in flexing limbs, while adductors extend them.
Abductors and adductors perform the same function in opposite
directions.
Abductors stabilize the body, while adductors are responsible for
balance.
13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in mammals?
Left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation
Pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit
Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein
Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
14. Which major veins deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
pulmonary veins
coronary arteries
aorta
vena cava
15. Describe the role of sebaceous glands in skin maintenance and health.
Sebaceous glands create earwax to protect the ear.
Sebaceous glands secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents
it from drying out.
