Assessment 6: NURS100 Fundamentals of Nursing 2026 – WCU
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of data
about a client’s health status?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, where the nurse collects,
organizes, and validates data to identify the client’s health status.
2. A nurse is washing their hands after providing care. What is the minimum
recommended duration for scrubbing hands with soap and water?
A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 60 seconds
Answer: C
Rationale: Standard guidelines from organizations like the CDC recommend scrubbing
hands for at least 20 seconds to effectively remove pathogens.
,3. Which of the following is considered subjective data?
A. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg
B. Skin appearing cyanotic
C. The client reporting a pain level of 8/10
D. A weight of 150 lbs
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are the client’s perceptions, feelings, or descriptions, such as
pain. Objective data are observable and measurable.
4. When transferring a patient from a bed to a chair, which principle of body
mechanics should the nurse follow?
A. Keep the feet close together
B. Use the leg muscles instead of back muscles
C. Bend at the waist to lift
D. Keep the patient far away from your center of gravity
Answer: B
Rationale: Proper body mechanics involve using the large muscles of the legs to lift and
maintaining a wide base of support to prevent back injury.
5. The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected infection. Which personal
protective equipment (PPE) is essential for standard precautions?
A. Gloves
B. N95 respirator
C. Full-body hazmat suit
D. Shoe covers
Answer: A
Rationale: Standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of gloves when there is
potential contact with blood or body fluids.
, 6. What is the normal adult range for an apical pulse rate?
A. 40-60 beats per minute
B. 120-140 beats per minute
C. 100-120 beats per minute
D. 60-100 beats per minute
Answer: D
Rationale: The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult ranges from 60 to 100 beats
per minute.
7. A nurse documents that a client is experiencing orthostatic hypotension.
What did the nurse observe?
A. Blood pressure increases when the client stands up
B. Pulse rate decreases when the client sits down
C. Blood pressure decreases when the client stands up
D. Temperature rises during exercise
Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in systolic blood pressure of at least 20
mmHg or diastolic of 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing.
8. Which Fowler’s position involves the head of the bed being elevated to 45 to
60 degrees?
A. Fowler’s
B. Semi-Fowler’s
C. High Fowler’s
D. Low Fowler’s
Answer: A
Rationale: Standard Fowler’s position is 45 to 60 degrees. Semi-Fowler’s is 30-45 degrees,
and High Fowler’s is 60-90 degrees.
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of data
about a client’s health status?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, where the nurse collects,
organizes, and validates data to identify the client’s health status.
2. A nurse is washing their hands after providing care. What is the minimum
recommended duration for scrubbing hands with soap and water?
A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 60 seconds
Answer: C
Rationale: Standard guidelines from organizations like the CDC recommend scrubbing
hands for at least 20 seconds to effectively remove pathogens.
,3. Which of the following is considered subjective data?
A. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg
B. Skin appearing cyanotic
C. The client reporting a pain level of 8/10
D. A weight of 150 lbs
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are the client’s perceptions, feelings, or descriptions, such as
pain. Objective data are observable and measurable.
4. When transferring a patient from a bed to a chair, which principle of body
mechanics should the nurse follow?
A. Keep the feet close together
B. Use the leg muscles instead of back muscles
C. Bend at the waist to lift
D. Keep the patient far away from your center of gravity
Answer: B
Rationale: Proper body mechanics involve using the large muscles of the legs to lift and
maintaining a wide base of support to prevent back injury.
5. The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected infection. Which personal
protective equipment (PPE) is essential for standard precautions?
A. Gloves
B. N95 respirator
C. Full-body hazmat suit
D. Shoe covers
Answer: A
Rationale: Standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of gloves when there is
potential contact with blood or body fluids.
, 6. What is the normal adult range for an apical pulse rate?
A. 40-60 beats per minute
B. 120-140 beats per minute
C. 100-120 beats per minute
D. 60-100 beats per minute
Answer: D
Rationale: The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult ranges from 60 to 100 beats
per minute.
7. A nurse documents that a client is experiencing orthostatic hypotension.
What did the nurse observe?
A. Blood pressure increases when the client stands up
B. Pulse rate decreases when the client sits down
C. Blood pressure decreases when the client stands up
D. Temperature rises during exercise
Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in systolic blood pressure of at least 20
mmHg or diastolic of 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing.
8. Which Fowler’s position involves the head of the bed being elevated to 45 to
60 degrees?
A. Fowler’s
B. Semi-Fowler’s
C. High Fowler’s
D. Low Fowler’s
Answer: A
Rationale: Standard Fowler’s position is 45 to 60 degrees. Semi-Fowler’s is 30-45 degrees,
and High Fowler’s is 60-90 degrees.
