SCRN - anatomy and physiology Exam
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What percentage of the body's The brain uses 20% of the body's oxygen
oxygen supply and cardiac output supply
does the brain use? and 15% of the body's cardiac output.
*brain cells do not store oxygen or
glucose. The
need a constant supply of micronutrients
from
arterial blood.
What is the normal blood flow to Normal blood flow to the brain is 50-
cerebral tissue? When does 55ml/100/min
electrical failure occur? electrical failure occurs at 15-20ml/100/min
frontal lobe personality, affect, tact, inhibition,
judgement,
planning, motor strip body parts, frontal
eye
fields- conjugate eye movements; pupil
changes,
extra pyramidal motor control, motor
speech-
articulation, speed, and rhythm of speech,
creative thought,abstract thinking
,parietal lobe pain, temperature, light, touch, vibration,
two
point discrimination, visual function,
language,
reading, internal stimuli, tactile sensation,
and
sensory comprehension
occipital lobe infarcts macular vision, broca's area (expressive
aphasia),
facial neurons
Cerebellum The cerebellum first receives information
about
an intended movement then it sends
information
back to the motor cortex about the
required
direction, force, and duration of the
movement. It
acts like an air traffic controller. The
cerebellum
can't initiate movement but is responsible
for
unconscious coordination of movement.
can
cause lack of coordination, clumsiness,
shaking/tremors
* It is important to diagnose cerebellum
infarcts
early because swelling may cause brain
stem
compression or hydrocephalous
,Cerebrum grey matter: cognition and personality
deficits
white matter (deep): regions of the brain
cannot
communicate with each other
What causes brain stem infarcts? usually related to basilar occlusion. This
type of
infarct is serious or fatal. Survivors may be
left in a
vegatative state
What is the main cause of cell hypoxia or anoxia
death?
What factors influence the rate 1: rate of onset
and 2: Duration of ischemia
extent of penumbral tissue and 3: Degree of collateral circulation perfusing
infarcted tissue the
infarcted zone
4: functionality of systemic circulation
5: hematologic factors
6: metabolic factors
What is an appoptic cell death programed cell death in the penumbral
pathway? zone:
normal biologic function where cells are
programmed to die in an organized fashion
after
nearby cell death
, What is a necrotic cell death loss of O2 and glucose and cellular
pathway? electrolyte
exchange from a loss of atrial perfusion
causes
energy failure and rapid cytoskeletal
breakdown.
What is the ischemic cascade? lack of blood-infarct-edema-swelling-center
of
brain shifts from midline-increased ICP-
compression of neurons, nerve tracts, and
cerebral arteries-persistant
edema-irreversable
damage /death
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What percentage of the body's The brain uses 20% of the body's oxygen
oxygen supply and cardiac output supply
does the brain use? and 15% of the body's cardiac output.
*brain cells do not store oxygen or
glucose. The
need a constant supply of micronutrients
from
arterial blood.
What is the normal blood flow to Normal blood flow to the brain is 50-
cerebral tissue? When does 55ml/100/min
electrical failure occur? electrical failure occurs at 15-20ml/100/min
frontal lobe personality, affect, tact, inhibition,
judgement,
planning, motor strip body parts, frontal
eye
fields- conjugate eye movements; pupil
changes,
extra pyramidal motor control, motor
speech-
articulation, speed, and rhythm of speech,
creative thought,abstract thinking
,parietal lobe pain, temperature, light, touch, vibration,
two
point discrimination, visual function,
language,
reading, internal stimuli, tactile sensation,
and
sensory comprehension
occipital lobe infarcts macular vision, broca's area (expressive
aphasia),
facial neurons
Cerebellum The cerebellum first receives information
about
an intended movement then it sends
information
back to the motor cortex about the
required
direction, force, and duration of the
movement. It
acts like an air traffic controller. The
cerebellum
can't initiate movement but is responsible
for
unconscious coordination of movement.
can
cause lack of coordination, clumsiness,
shaking/tremors
* It is important to diagnose cerebellum
infarcts
early because swelling may cause brain
stem
compression or hydrocephalous
,Cerebrum grey matter: cognition and personality
deficits
white matter (deep): regions of the brain
cannot
communicate with each other
What causes brain stem infarcts? usually related to basilar occlusion. This
type of
infarct is serious or fatal. Survivors may be
left in a
vegatative state
What is the main cause of cell hypoxia or anoxia
death?
What factors influence the rate 1: rate of onset
and 2: Duration of ischemia
extent of penumbral tissue and 3: Degree of collateral circulation perfusing
infarcted tissue the
infarcted zone
4: functionality of systemic circulation
5: hematologic factors
6: metabolic factors
What is an appoptic cell death programed cell death in the penumbral
pathway? zone:
normal biologic function where cells are
programmed to die in an organized fashion
after
nearby cell death
, What is a necrotic cell death loss of O2 and glucose and cellular
pathway? electrolyte
exchange from a loss of atrial perfusion
causes
energy failure and rapid cytoskeletal
breakdown.
What is the ischemic cascade? lack of blood-infarct-edema-swelling-center
of
brain shifts from midline-increased ICP-
compression of neurons, nerve tracts, and
cerebral arteries-persistant
edema-irreversable
damage /death
