Exam 4- GI_GU Test
(2025-2026)
Question and Answers
Expert Verified
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
,Assessing a GU Patient- Two major issues to assess? Mobility and Neuro
Mobility:
- do they have difficulty getting to the bathroom, can they open clasps and buttons,
do they have difficulty ambulating, with ADLS, or have to wait too long after call bell.
Neuro:
- Parkinsons- patients have a lot of tremors, difficulty ambulating to the bathroom or
undo clasps.
- Alzheimers- unable to communicate they need to go, or dont recognize urge to go.
- Multiple Sclerosis
Past Medical history- What is important to know when - Catheter, enlarged prostate, incontinence hx, kidney stones prohibiting elimination,
assessing Gi/GU? CHF on furosemide.
- Renal failure- dialysis?
- Meds? affect urination? ie diuretic
- surgeries that impair urinary system- ie for enlarged prostate
- voiding hisotry- how often normally void? urostomy?
What objective data will you INSPECT/LOOK for, for GI s/s dehydration,
GU assess?
- mouth, MM, tongue- cracks? moist?
- look at skin turgor, appearance of urine-
- do they have an indwelling catheter? check foley bag at shift change
- I/Os
What should you LISTEN / FEEL for in GI GU assess? listen to abdomen
palpate abdomen
I/Os output? regular:
50-60. mls/hr
1500 mls/ day
Min:
30 mls/hr- means kidneys are getting adequate blood flow. Time to gifure out why
so low.
Subjective data GI/GU - how often Bowel movement? urination?
- difficulty getting to bathroom?
- Urine color, odor, burning? frequency? urgency? if so, when noticed and how long
lasted?
- how much fluid intake? water coffee, alcohol?
- smoking? (bladder cancers and urinary incontinence)
(phrase questions without feeding answers)
GI/GU- what to report -Changes in voiding pattern- urgency, frequency, burning, pain with void,
(may indicate infection or kidney stone)
Dysuria Painful.difficulty urinating- infection, obstruction, UTI
Hematuria Blood in urine- trauma, kidney stone, infection, cancer
, Nocturia- frequency of urination at night
- older adults , renal disease, prostate enlargement, diuretics
Polyuria Excessive or large amt of urine
- diabetes/diuretcs
Oliguria Diminished amount urine (less than 400mls in 24 hours)
- severe dehydration, shock, ESRD (typically on dialysis, so little to no urine
produced)
Anuria No urination (less that 100 mls in 24 hrs)
ARF- acute renal failure-
ESRD
Urinary incontinence the inability to control the voiding of urine
Temporary incontinence Due to infection- frequent urination can lead to incontinence)
Due to medication- (diuretics- not used to voiding so much)
Permanent Incontinence Muscle weakness (weak pelvic muscles, no support of bladder- vaginal delivery
mothers have weakened pelvic floor muscles, so they need to strengthen- )
(some you can't strengthen, so assessment is needed to decifer)
Health issues assoc. with urinary incontinence UTI--> leads to sepsis, (brief used to catch urine- leads to this, more common in
females than males)
Skin Breakdown- Urine is acidic and can breakdown skin. Provide good peri care.
Negative self-image- look for signs of depression (social isolation)
Caregiver stress- if patient lives at home with caregiver- total care needs will stress
a caregiver. Assess this dynamic.
Types of incontinence Stress
Urge
Overflow
Reflux
Functional
Stress incontinence Involuntary loss of small amount of urine when intraabdominal pressure increases-
seen post vaginal delivery
-- exercise, laughing, sneezing, coughing.
urge incontinence · Sudden urge to urinate, bladder contracts when it shouldn't and leaks a small
amount of urine.
o Diabetics, stroke, MS, Parkinson disease, etc.
overflow incontinence - cant fully empty bladder- even when they think they've fully emptied it, this leads to
dribbling
· Bladder and urethral obstruction- enlarged prostate-
(2025-2026)
Question and Answers
Expert Verified
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
,Assessing a GU Patient- Two major issues to assess? Mobility and Neuro
Mobility:
- do they have difficulty getting to the bathroom, can they open clasps and buttons,
do they have difficulty ambulating, with ADLS, or have to wait too long after call bell.
Neuro:
- Parkinsons- patients have a lot of tremors, difficulty ambulating to the bathroom or
undo clasps.
- Alzheimers- unable to communicate they need to go, or dont recognize urge to go.
- Multiple Sclerosis
Past Medical history- What is important to know when - Catheter, enlarged prostate, incontinence hx, kidney stones prohibiting elimination,
assessing Gi/GU? CHF on furosemide.
- Renal failure- dialysis?
- Meds? affect urination? ie diuretic
- surgeries that impair urinary system- ie for enlarged prostate
- voiding hisotry- how often normally void? urostomy?
What objective data will you INSPECT/LOOK for, for GI s/s dehydration,
GU assess?
- mouth, MM, tongue- cracks? moist?
- look at skin turgor, appearance of urine-
- do they have an indwelling catheter? check foley bag at shift change
- I/Os
What should you LISTEN / FEEL for in GI GU assess? listen to abdomen
palpate abdomen
I/Os output? regular:
50-60. mls/hr
1500 mls/ day
Min:
30 mls/hr- means kidneys are getting adequate blood flow. Time to gifure out why
so low.
Subjective data GI/GU - how often Bowel movement? urination?
- difficulty getting to bathroom?
- Urine color, odor, burning? frequency? urgency? if so, when noticed and how long
lasted?
- how much fluid intake? water coffee, alcohol?
- smoking? (bladder cancers and urinary incontinence)
(phrase questions without feeding answers)
GI/GU- what to report -Changes in voiding pattern- urgency, frequency, burning, pain with void,
(may indicate infection or kidney stone)
Dysuria Painful.difficulty urinating- infection, obstruction, UTI
Hematuria Blood in urine- trauma, kidney stone, infection, cancer
, Nocturia- frequency of urination at night
- older adults , renal disease, prostate enlargement, diuretics
Polyuria Excessive or large amt of urine
- diabetes/diuretcs
Oliguria Diminished amount urine (less than 400mls in 24 hours)
- severe dehydration, shock, ESRD (typically on dialysis, so little to no urine
produced)
Anuria No urination (less that 100 mls in 24 hrs)
ARF- acute renal failure-
ESRD
Urinary incontinence the inability to control the voiding of urine
Temporary incontinence Due to infection- frequent urination can lead to incontinence)
Due to medication- (diuretics- not used to voiding so much)
Permanent Incontinence Muscle weakness (weak pelvic muscles, no support of bladder- vaginal delivery
mothers have weakened pelvic floor muscles, so they need to strengthen- )
(some you can't strengthen, so assessment is needed to decifer)
Health issues assoc. with urinary incontinence UTI--> leads to sepsis, (brief used to catch urine- leads to this, more common in
females than males)
Skin Breakdown- Urine is acidic and can breakdown skin. Provide good peri care.
Negative self-image- look for signs of depression (social isolation)
Caregiver stress- if patient lives at home with caregiver- total care needs will stress
a caregiver. Assess this dynamic.
Types of incontinence Stress
Urge
Overflow
Reflux
Functional
Stress incontinence Involuntary loss of small amount of urine when intraabdominal pressure increases-
seen post vaginal delivery
-- exercise, laughing, sneezing, coughing.
urge incontinence · Sudden urge to urinate, bladder contracts when it shouldn't and leaks a small
amount of urine.
o Diabetics, stroke, MS, Parkinson disease, etc.
overflow incontinence - cant fully empty bladder- even when they think they've fully emptied it, this leads to
dribbling
· Bladder and urethral obstruction- enlarged prostate-
