PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 WITH 113
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY RATED A+ 2026/2027
[NEWEST !!!]
Compare and contrast Brand vs Generic Drugs
-Active Ingredient: No difference
-Price: Brand is higher in cost than Generic
-Insurance Coverage: Brand is typically covered if no generic exists, Generic
normally always covered
-Inactive Ingredients: Brand is tested & approved by FDA, Generic may differ but
still proven acceptable by FDA
-Strength/dose: No difference
-Appearance: Brand is standard in size/color/package, Generic packaging & drug
itself may look different
Routes of Administration
The ways used to get a drug into the tissues of the body, where they can produce
their effects. The two main routes are oral and parenteral.
Common OTC drugs*
ibuprofen (Advil)
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
naproxen (Aleve)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
loratadine (Claritin)
famotidine (Pepcid AC)
omeprazole (Prilosec OTC)
esomeprazole (Nexium)
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
fexofenadine (Allegra)
Brand-name drug
,a drug with a registered name or trademark given to a drug by a pharmaceutical
company
Generic-name drug
Drug with the same active ingredients as a brand-name drug, but usually is less
costly
Chemical drug name
provides the exact description of medication's composition
Possible routes of administration
Oral (enternal) - sublingual, buccal
Topical - on skin, body cavity
Parenteral - ID, Sup-q, IV, IM
Inhalation
Onset
time it takes for a medication to produce a response
Peak
Time at which a medication reaches its highest effective concentration
Trough
Minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose
Duration
Length of time the medication is effective
Plateau
Point at which blood serum concentration is reached and maintained
Biological half-life
Time for serum medication concentration to be halved
6 rights of medication administration
, Right medication
Right dose
Right patient
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Properties of the "perfect drug" (The big 3)
Effectiveness, safety, selectivity
Effectiveness
Does the drug elicit the response that is needed? Must be proven to be effective for
treatment
Safety
Will the drug produce harmful effects when given at certain doses for a certain
length of time? No drug is considered 100% safe
Selectivity
The drug elicits only the response for which it is given, not possible wholly
selective because all drugs can cause side effects
Reversible action
Action subsides within a reasonable amount of time
Predictability
Knowing with certainty how a given patient will respond to the drug, not possible
because each patient is different
-benefits: enhanced patient experience and decreased risk
Ease of administration
An ideal drug should be simple to administer. The route should be convenient and
the number of doses per day should be low.
Freedom from Drug Interactions (additional property of ideal drug)
Would interact with no other medication's, drugs may increase or decrease each
others effect
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY RATED A+ 2026/2027
[NEWEST !!!]
Compare and contrast Brand vs Generic Drugs
-Active Ingredient: No difference
-Price: Brand is higher in cost than Generic
-Insurance Coverage: Brand is typically covered if no generic exists, Generic
normally always covered
-Inactive Ingredients: Brand is tested & approved by FDA, Generic may differ but
still proven acceptable by FDA
-Strength/dose: No difference
-Appearance: Brand is standard in size/color/package, Generic packaging & drug
itself may look different
Routes of Administration
The ways used to get a drug into the tissues of the body, where they can produce
their effects. The two main routes are oral and parenteral.
Common OTC drugs*
ibuprofen (Advil)
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
naproxen (Aleve)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
loratadine (Claritin)
famotidine (Pepcid AC)
omeprazole (Prilosec OTC)
esomeprazole (Nexium)
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
fexofenadine (Allegra)
Brand-name drug
,a drug with a registered name or trademark given to a drug by a pharmaceutical
company
Generic-name drug
Drug with the same active ingredients as a brand-name drug, but usually is less
costly
Chemical drug name
provides the exact description of medication's composition
Possible routes of administration
Oral (enternal) - sublingual, buccal
Topical - on skin, body cavity
Parenteral - ID, Sup-q, IV, IM
Inhalation
Onset
time it takes for a medication to produce a response
Peak
Time at which a medication reaches its highest effective concentration
Trough
Minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose
Duration
Length of time the medication is effective
Plateau
Point at which blood serum concentration is reached and maintained
Biological half-life
Time for serum medication concentration to be halved
6 rights of medication administration
, Right medication
Right dose
Right patient
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Properties of the "perfect drug" (The big 3)
Effectiveness, safety, selectivity
Effectiveness
Does the drug elicit the response that is needed? Must be proven to be effective for
treatment
Safety
Will the drug produce harmful effects when given at certain doses for a certain
length of time? No drug is considered 100% safe
Selectivity
The drug elicits only the response for which it is given, not possible wholly
selective because all drugs can cause side effects
Reversible action
Action subsides within a reasonable amount of time
Predictability
Knowing with certainty how a given patient will respond to the drug, not possible
because each patient is different
-benefits: enhanced patient experience and decreased risk
Ease of administration
An ideal drug should be simple to administer. The route should be convenient and
the number of doses per day should be low.
Freedom from Drug Interactions (additional property of ideal drug)
Would interact with no other medication's, drugs may increase or decrease each
others effect
