Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Essentials of Respiratory Care
6th Edition – Test Bank
Course
Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Essentials
Question 1
Which structure is responsible for conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi?
A. Alveoli
B. Trachea
C. Pleura
D. Diaphragm
Answer: B. Trachea
Rationale:
The trachea is the primary conducting airway connecting the larynx to the right and left main
bronchi.
Question 2
Which muscle is the primary muscle of quiet inspiration?
A. External intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Internal intercostals
D. Abdominal muscles
Answer: B. Diaphragm
Rationale:
During normal breathing, contraction of the diaphragm accounts for most tidal ventilation.
Question 3
The functional unit responsible for gas exchange is the:
A. Bronchiole
B. Trachea
,C. Alveolus
D. Larynx
Answer: C. Alveolus
Rationale:
Gas exchange occurs across the thin alveolar-capillary membrane.
Question 4
Which surfactant-producing cells are found in the alveoli?
A. Type I pneumocytes
B. Type II pneumocytes
C. Goblet cells
D. Ciliated epithelial cells
Answer: B. Type II pneumocytes
Rationale:
Type II pneumocytes synthesize pulmonary surfactant, reducing surface tension.
Question 5
Pulmonary surfactant primarily functions to:
A. Increase mucus production
B. Prevent alveolar collapse
C. Stimulate coughing
D. Increase airway resistance
Answer: B. Prevent alveolar collapse
Rationale:
Surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension, improving lung compliance and preventing
atelectasis.
,Question 6
The right lung normally contains:
A. Two lobes
B. Three lobes
C. Four lobes
D. Five lobes
Answer: B. Three lobes
Rationale:
The right lung has upper, middle, and lower lobes.
Question 7
The left lung has fewer lobes primarily because it:
A. Contains larger bronchi
B. Accommodates the heart
C. Has less blood flow
D. Lacks alveoli
Answer: B. Accommodates the heart
Rationale:
The cardiac notch provides space for the heart.
Question 8
The pleural cavity normally contains:
A. Air
B. Serous fluid
C. Blood
D. Mucus
Answer: B. Serous fluid
, Rationale:
Pleural fluid lubricates the pleural membranes during respiration.
Question 9
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to the diaphragm?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
C. Accessory nerve
D. Hypoglossal nerve
Answer: B. Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)
Rationale:
The phrenic nerve provides motor function to the diaphragm.
Question 10
Which bronchus is most likely to receive an aspirated foreign body?
A. Left main bronchus
B. Right main bronchus
C. Left upper bronchus
D. Left lower bronchus
Answer: B. Right main bronchus
Rationale:
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical.
Question 11
Gas exchange occurs by:
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
6th Edition – Test Bank
Course
Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Essentials
Question 1
Which structure is responsible for conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi?
A. Alveoli
B. Trachea
C. Pleura
D. Diaphragm
Answer: B. Trachea
Rationale:
The trachea is the primary conducting airway connecting the larynx to the right and left main
bronchi.
Question 2
Which muscle is the primary muscle of quiet inspiration?
A. External intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Internal intercostals
D. Abdominal muscles
Answer: B. Diaphragm
Rationale:
During normal breathing, contraction of the diaphragm accounts for most tidal ventilation.
Question 3
The functional unit responsible for gas exchange is the:
A. Bronchiole
B. Trachea
,C. Alveolus
D. Larynx
Answer: C. Alveolus
Rationale:
Gas exchange occurs across the thin alveolar-capillary membrane.
Question 4
Which surfactant-producing cells are found in the alveoli?
A. Type I pneumocytes
B. Type II pneumocytes
C. Goblet cells
D. Ciliated epithelial cells
Answer: B. Type II pneumocytes
Rationale:
Type II pneumocytes synthesize pulmonary surfactant, reducing surface tension.
Question 5
Pulmonary surfactant primarily functions to:
A. Increase mucus production
B. Prevent alveolar collapse
C. Stimulate coughing
D. Increase airway resistance
Answer: B. Prevent alveolar collapse
Rationale:
Surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension, improving lung compliance and preventing
atelectasis.
,Question 6
The right lung normally contains:
A. Two lobes
B. Three lobes
C. Four lobes
D. Five lobes
Answer: B. Three lobes
Rationale:
The right lung has upper, middle, and lower lobes.
Question 7
The left lung has fewer lobes primarily because it:
A. Contains larger bronchi
B. Accommodates the heart
C. Has less blood flow
D. Lacks alveoli
Answer: B. Accommodates the heart
Rationale:
The cardiac notch provides space for the heart.
Question 8
The pleural cavity normally contains:
A. Air
B. Serous fluid
C. Blood
D. Mucus
Answer: B. Serous fluid
, Rationale:
Pleural fluid lubricates the pleural membranes during respiration.
Question 9
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to the diaphragm?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
C. Accessory nerve
D. Hypoglossal nerve
Answer: B. Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)
Rationale:
The phrenic nerve provides motor function to the diaphragm.
Question 10
Which bronchus is most likely to receive an aspirated foreign body?
A. Left main bronchus
B. Right main bronchus
C. Left upper bronchus
D. Left lower bronchus
Answer: B. Right main bronchus
Rationale:
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical.
Question 11
Gas exchange occurs by:
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
