HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology V1-V2 Exam Prep 2026/2027 |
Questions & Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. Describe the role of parathyroid hormone in maintaining calcium
homeostasis.
Parathyroid hormone regulates magnesium levels in the blood.
Parathyroid hormone has no effect on calcium levels in the body.
Parathyroid hormone decreases calcium levels by promoting bone
formation and increasing renal excretion.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels in the blood by
promoting bone resorption, increasing intestinal absorption, and
reducing renal excretion of calcium.
2. If a patient has a fracture in the maxilla, which of the following bones would
you expect to be unaffected in terms of their position relative to the maxilla?
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone
Mandible
3. Which type of salivary gland is primarily responsible for producing mucin?
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland
Buccal gland
Sublingual gland
,4. What type of epithelium tissues has cells resembling rectangular pillars, with
nuclei usually located near the bottom of each cell?
Squamous
Connective
Cuboidal
Columnar
5. The human circulatory system follows a specific path through the body.
Which of the following is the correct path?
Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary
capillaries, distribution throughout the body.
Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary capillaries, right atrium, right
ventricle, distribution throughout the body.
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary
capillaries, distribution throughout the body.
It actually doesn't matter.
Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary capillaries, left atrium, left
ventricle, distribution throughout the body.
6. How do blood vessels enter bones?
Through nutrient foramen
Through the medullary cavity
Through the epiphysis
Through the central canal
7. What separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity?
, Neck
Heart
Diaphragm
Lungs
8. What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?
It enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs.
It prevents air from escaping the lungs.
It decreases the volume of the chest cavity.
It causes the lungs to recoil.
9. A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history
of heavy, painful periods, abdominal discomfort, and lower back pain.
Ultrasonography of the uterus shows a thickened endometrium. A biopsy
specimen of the thickened structure is shown in the attached micrograph.
Which of the following hormones is most likely responsible for these
characteristic effects observed in the specimen?
Progesterone
, FSH
Estrogen
Androstenedione
Cortisol
10. What is the total number of pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord?
31
24
28
36
11. What vitamin deficiency is primarily responsible for causing scurvy?
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
12. Describe the role of the vastus lateralis in leg movement and how an injury
to this muscle might impact mobility.
The vastus lateralis stabilizes the ankle, and an injury would not affect
mobility.
The vastus lateralis helps in flexing the hip, and an injury would
enhance mobility.
The vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps muscle group and is
crucial for extending the knee, so an injury would impair leg
extension and mobility.
Questions & Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. Describe the role of parathyroid hormone in maintaining calcium
homeostasis.
Parathyroid hormone regulates magnesium levels in the blood.
Parathyroid hormone has no effect on calcium levels in the body.
Parathyroid hormone decreases calcium levels by promoting bone
formation and increasing renal excretion.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels in the blood by
promoting bone resorption, increasing intestinal absorption, and
reducing renal excretion of calcium.
2. If a patient has a fracture in the maxilla, which of the following bones would
you expect to be unaffected in terms of their position relative to the maxilla?
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone
Mandible
3. Which type of salivary gland is primarily responsible for producing mucin?
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland
Buccal gland
Sublingual gland
,4. What type of epithelium tissues has cells resembling rectangular pillars, with
nuclei usually located near the bottom of each cell?
Squamous
Connective
Cuboidal
Columnar
5. The human circulatory system follows a specific path through the body.
Which of the following is the correct path?
Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary
capillaries, distribution throughout the body.
Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary capillaries, right atrium, right
ventricle, distribution throughout the body.
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary
capillaries, distribution throughout the body.
It actually doesn't matter.
Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary capillaries, left atrium, left
ventricle, distribution throughout the body.
6. How do blood vessels enter bones?
Through nutrient foramen
Through the medullary cavity
Through the epiphysis
Through the central canal
7. What separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity?
, Neck
Heart
Diaphragm
Lungs
8. What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?
It enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs.
It prevents air from escaping the lungs.
It decreases the volume of the chest cavity.
It causes the lungs to recoil.
9. A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history
of heavy, painful periods, abdominal discomfort, and lower back pain.
Ultrasonography of the uterus shows a thickened endometrium. A biopsy
specimen of the thickened structure is shown in the attached micrograph.
Which of the following hormones is most likely responsible for these
characteristic effects observed in the specimen?
Progesterone
, FSH
Estrogen
Androstenedione
Cortisol
10. What is the total number of pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord?
31
24
28
36
11. What vitamin deficiency is primarily responsible for causing scurvy?
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
12. Describe the role of the vastus lateralis in leg movement and how an injury
to this muscle might impact mobility.
The vastus lateralis stabilizes the ankle, and an injury would not affect
mobility.
The vastus lateralis helps in flexing the hip, and an injury would
enhance mobility.
The vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps muscle group and is
crucial for extending the knee, so an injury would impair leg
extension and mobility.
