BIOL251 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I W/LAB 2026 | MODULE 7 EXAM REVIEW |70+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+. 100% Verified Solutions | Updated Per Latest Guidelines | Graded
A+...
CORE DOMAINS
• Organization and Cells of the Nervous System
• Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord
• Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves
• Reflexes and Neural Integration
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Special Senses: Vision, Hearing, Equilibrium, Taste, and Smell
• Neurophysiology and Synaptic Transmission
This examination review assesses knowledge of human anatomy and physiology with emphasis on the nervous
system and special senses as covered in Module 7. The questions evaluate understanding of structural
organization, functional processes, and clinical correlations. Students must apply critical thinking to interpret
diagrams, predict outcomes of lesions, and analyze physiological mechanisms. The format includes multiple‑choice
items that range from foundational recall to complex problem‑solving, mirroring the rigor of the BIOL251
proctored assessment. A thorough command of these topics is essential for success in healthcare‑related fields and
subsequent A&P coursework.
,SECTION ONE
Question 1
Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
A. Peripheral nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Somatic nervous system
🟢 Correct Answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system (PNS) includes all nerves outside the CNS. The autonomic and somatic systems are subdivisions of the
PNS.
Question 2
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A. Neuroglia
B. Neuron
C. Axon terminal
D. Synaptic cleft
,🟢 Correct Answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Neurons are the primary signaling cells of the nervous system, responsible for generating and
transmitting nerve impulses. Neuroglia are supportive cells. Axon terminals and synaptic clefts are parts of a
neuron or synapse.
Question 3
Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Myelin sheath
D. Axon hillock
🟢 Correct Answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Dendrites are branching extensions that contain receptors for neurotransmitters and conduct
graded potentials toward the cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body.
Question 4
What type of neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
, A. Astrocyte
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocyte
D. Schwann cell
🟢 Correct Answer: D
🔴 RATIONALE: Schwann cells wrap around axons in the PNS to form myelin. Oligodendrocytes myelinate
axons in the CNS. Astrocytes provide structural support and regulate the blood‑brain barrier; microglia are
phagocytic.
Question 5
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
A. +30 mV
B. –55 mV
C. –70 mV
D. –90 mV
🟢 Correct Answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: The resting membrane potential is around –70 mV due to the distribution of ions (more Na⁺
outside, more K⁺ inside) and the activity of the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump. –55 mV is threshold; +30 mV is near the
peak of an action potential.
AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+. 100% Verified Solutions | Updated Per Latest Guidelines | Graded
A+...
CORE DOMAINS
• Organization and Cells of the Nervous System
• Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord
• Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves
• Reflexes and Neural Integration
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Special Senses: Vision, Hearing, Equilibrium, Taste, and Smell
• Neurophysiology and Synaptic Transmission
This examination review assesses knowledge of human anatomy and physiology with emphasis on the nervous
system and special senses as covered in Module 7. The questions evaluate understanding of structural
organization, functional processes, and clinical correlations. Students must apply critical thinking to interpret
diagrams, predict outcomes of lesions, and analyze physiological mechanisms. The format includes multiple‑choice
items that range from foundational recall to complex problem‑solving, mirroring the rigor of the BIOL251
proctored assessment. A thorough command of these topics is essential for success in healthcare‑related fields and
subsequent A&P coursework.
,SECTION ONE
Question 1
Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
A. Peripheral nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Somatic nervous system
🟢 Correct Answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system (PNS) includes all nerves outside the CNS. The autonomic and somatic systems are subdivisions of the
PNS.
Question 2
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A. Neuroglia
B. Neuron
C. Axon terminal
D. Synaptic cleft
,🟢 Correct Answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Neurons are the primary signaling cells of the nervous system, responsible for generating and
transmitting nerve impulses. Neuroglia are supportive cells. Axon terminals and synaptic clefts are parts of a
neuron or synapse.
Question 3
Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Myelin sheath
D. Axon hillock
🟢 Correct Answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Dendrites are branching extensions that contain receptors for neurotransmitters and conduct
graded potentials toward the cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body.
Question 4
What type of neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
, A. Astrocyte
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocyte
D. Schwann cell
🟢 Correct Answer: D
🔴 RATIONALE: Schwann cells wrap around axons in the PNS to form myelin. Oligodendrocytes myelinate
axons in the CNS. Astrocytes provide structural support and regulate the blood‑brain barrier; microglia are
phagocytic.
Question 5
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
A. +30 mV
B. –55 mV
C. –70 mV
D. –90 mV
🟢 Correct Answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: The resting membrane potential is around –70 mV due to the distribution of ions (more Na⁺
outside, more K⁺ inside) and the activity of the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump. –55 mV is threshold; +30 mV is near the
peak of an action potential.
