Elsevier HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide 2026 |
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. Describe the significance of a sagittal section in anatomical studies.
A sagittal section is used to differentiate between dorsal and ventral
cavities in anatomical diagrams.
A sagittal section creates a front and back view of the body for visual
analysis.
A sagittal section separates the body into upper and lower regions for
studying organ placement.
A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions, which
helps in understanding the body's symmetry and organization.
2. The rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract illustrated in
this diagram are called:
GERD
Peristalsis
Bolus
Swallowing
3. What body cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and last
portions of the digestive tract?
thoracic
mediastinum
pelvic
abdominal
,4. What is one of the primary roles of carbohydrates in the human body?
They are the most abundant biomolecule.
They cannot be digested.
They are involved in DNA synthesis.
They serve as fuel for the body.
5. Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the generation of new skin
cells?
stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
6. Describe the role of bile in the digestive process within the small intestine.
Bile neutralizes stomach acid before it enters the small intestine.
Bile is responsible for the absorption of carbohydrates in the small
intestine.
Bile produces digestive enzymes that break down proteins in the small
intestine.
Bile aids in the emulsification of fats, facilitating their digestion and
absorption in the small intestine.
7. In a reflex arc, which type of neuron would be responsible for relaying
information from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron?
interneurons
sensory neurons
, efferent neurons
motor neurons
8. Describe the role of calcium ions in the process of muscle contraction.
Calcium ions inhibit the interaction between actin and myosin.
Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a conformational change
that allows myosin to interact with actin.
Calcium ions are released to initiate the breakdown of ATP for energy.
Calcium ions directly cause the muscle fibers to shorten.
9. What term describes the wave-like muscle contractions that move food
through the digestive tract?
peristalsis
osmosis
circulation
defecation
10. How does the sagittal plane divide the body?
at an angle to horizontal and vertical planes
into upper and lower portions
into front and back portions
into right and left portions
11. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the _.
stratum corneum
, stratum spinosum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
12. Connective tissues of the body are classified into connective tissue and
_ _ connective tissue.
Multi-cultural; adult
Developmental; embryonic
Embryonic; adult
Transitional; developmental
13. Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface?
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
stratum basale
14. The mitral valve separates which 2 structures?
right atrium & pulmonary arteries
left atrium & pulmonary vein
left atrium & left ventricle
right atrium & right ventricle
15. Which is NOT a functional class of neurons?
motor neurons
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. Describe the significance of a sagittal section in anatomical studies.
A sagittal section is used to differentiate between dorsal and ventral
cavities in anatomical diagrams.
A sagittal section creates a front and back view of the body for visual
analysis.
A sagittal section separates the body into upper and lower regions for
studying organ placement.
A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions, which
helps in understanding the body's symmetry and organization.
2. The rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract illustrated in
this diagram are called:
GERD
Peristalsis
Bolus
Swallowing
3. What body cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and last
portions of the digestive tract?
thoracic
mediastinum
pelvic
abdominal
,4. What is one of the primary roles of carbohydrates in the human body?
They are the most abundant biomolecule.
They cannot be digested.
They are involved in DNA synthesis.
They serve as fuel for the body.
5. Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the generation of new skin
cells?
stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
6. Describe the role of bile in the digestive process within the small intestine.
Bile neutralizes stomach acid before it enters the small intestine.
Bile is responsible for the absorption of carbohydrates in the small
intestine.
Bile produces digestive enzymes that break down proteins in the small
intestine.
Bile aids in the emulsification of fats, facilitating their digestion and
absorption in the small intestine.
7. In a reflex arc, which type of neuron would be responsible for relaying
information from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron?
interneurons
sensory neurons
, efferent neurons
motor neurons
8. Describe the role of calcium ions in the process of muscle contraction.
Calcium ions inhibit the interaction between actin and myosin.
Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a conformational change
that allows myosin to interact with actin.
Calcium ions are released to initiate the breakdown of ATP for energy.
Calcium ions directly cause the muscle fibers to shorten.
9. What term describes the wave-like muscle contractions that move food
through the digestive tract?
peristalsis
osmosis
circulation
defecation
10. How does the sagittal plane divide the body?
at an angle to horizontal and vertical planes
into upper and lower portions
into front and back portions
into right and left portions
11. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the _.
stratum corneum
, stratum spinosum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
12. Connective tissues of the body are classified into connective tissue and
_ _ connective tissue.
Multi-cultural; adult
Developmental; embryonic
Embryonic; adult
Transitional; developmental
13. Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface?
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
stratum basale
14. The mitral valve separates which 2 structures?
right atrium & pulmonary arteries
left atrium & pulmonary vein
left atrium & left ventricle
right atrium & right ventricle
15. Which is NOT a functional class of neurons?
motor neurons
